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Turkey

Political Groups
G20, OECD
Global Climate Risk Index
66
Targets
World Bank Income Group
Upper middle income
Share of Global Emissions
Not available%

Documents

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Turkish Sustainability Reporting Standards
2023Legislative

In light of an amendment to Article 88 of the Turkish Commercial Code in 2022, the Public Oversight, Accounting and Auditing Standard Authority was assigned to issue the Turkish Sustainability Reporting Standards.  In light of this, sustainability reporting was made mandatory for businesses which fall within its remit, including: -        Banks are subject to the reporting...

Twelfth Development Plan (2024-2028
2023Policy

Turkey's 12th Development Plan contains numerous references to the need for a green economic transformation. It also contains a chpater on disaster resilient living areas and sustainable environment, which contains various objectives in relation to the creation of sustainable and resilient cities and buildings, as well as other policies and measures to be taken to ensure r...

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland’s submission to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on elements for the consideration of outputs of the first Global Stocktake
2023UNFCCC

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland’s submission to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on elements for the consideration of outputs of the first Global Stocktake, Submission to the Global Stocktake from United Kingdom in 2023

  • 7% less GHG emissions than under the Reference Scenario by 2020Energy: Energy Efficiency · Target year: 2020Source: Climate Change Strategy 2010-2020
  • Reduce greenhouse gas emissions in new settlements by at least 10% per settlement in comparison to existing settlements by 2023Urban: Energy · Target year: 2023Source: Climate Change Action Plan 2011-2023
  • Avoided CO2 Emissions With Newly Installed Renewable Power Plants (Million Tons, Cumulative) | - | 18.0Energy: Renewable Energy · Target year: 2023Source: Eleventh National Development Plan (2019-2023)
  • Increase the amount of sequestered carbon as a result of agricultural forestry activities by 10% by 2020 against a 2007 baselineLULUCF: Carbon Sequestration · Target year: 2020Source: Climate Change Action Plan 2011-2023
  • Reduce nationwide electricity distribution losses to 8% by 2023 by 2023Energy: Energy Efficiency · Target year: 2023Source: Climate Change Action Plan 2011-2023

Legislative Process

Turkey is a republic based on democracy, secularism, social state, rule of and fundamental rights and freedoms. Legislative power is vested in the Grand National Assembly (GNAT), a unicameral parliament with 600 deputies elected for four-year terms. GNAT’s election system is based on proportional representation determined by the “D’Hondt formula”, a mathematical formula which involves the principle of highest average. A political party must have at least 10% of total votes to win seats in Parliament. Last general election was held in June 2018. The Assembly is responsible for the enactment, amendment and repeal of laws. The laws adopted by the Assembly are promulgated by the President within 15 days or referred back to the Assembly for further consideration.

The right to introduce bills belongs to the deputies and to the government. The bills introduced by deputies are described as private members’ bills. The Council of Ministers was abolished by the 2017 constitutional amendments, so the executive power is not dualist anymore. The Speaker of the Assembly designates the bill to be considered by a designated standing committee with relevant expertise, which issues a formal opinion to the Assembly before it is put to vote.

Once passed by the Assembly, the law is then transferred to the President. Then the law is sent to the Prime Ministry to be published in the Official Gazette according to the will of the President. Once published, the law takes immediate effect unless otherwise provided in the law. With the exception of budget bills the President may veto all or a portion of a bill, sending the legislation back to the Assembly for re-consideration with justification.

If the President does not approve the publication of the bill in part, the Assembly may debate only the articles that are not approved or the bill as a whole. The Assembly may adopt the text with or without amendments after this debate. If the Assembly accepts the law without amendment, the President must approve promulgation in the Official Gazette. If the Assembly accepts the law with amendments, the President has the right to send the law back to the Assembly.