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Nepal

Federative (7 provinces)
Political Groups
LDC, G77
Global Climate Risk Index
20
Targets
World Bank Income Group
Low income
Share of Global Emissions
0.1%

Documents

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National Adaptation Plan (2021-2050)
2023Policy

The National Adaptation Plan sets out priority programmes in nine thematic sectors outlined in the National Climate Change Policy. This Plan identifies 64 priority adaptation programmes, with a total budget for implementation of USD 47.4 billion. 

Finance Act 2079 Income Tax Reduction for EV Assembly Industry
2022Policy

New industries that manufacture four-wheeled electric vehicles are eligible for a 40% income tax break for five years from the date they begin operations.

Nepal's Adaptation communication
2021UNFCCC

Nepal's Adaptation communication, National Adaptation Plan from Nepal in 2021

  • 49% GHG emissions reduction by 2030 compared to 1990 levelsEconomy-wide · Target year: 2030Source: Climate Act
  • 95% GHG emissions reductions by 2050 compared to 1990 levelsEconomy-wide · Target year: 2050Source: Climate Act
  • phase out coal-powered electricty generation by 2030 and by 31 December 2024 for power plants with an electric efficiency of less than 44%Energy · Target year: 2030Source: Law prohibiting coal in electricity production
  • CO2 neutral electricity production by 2050Energy · Target year: 2050Source: Climate Act
  • 700MW hydrocapacity in 2007, then 2035MW in 2017, then 4000 MW by 2027Energy: Renewable Energy: Hydro · Target year: 2027Source: The National Water Plan

Legislative Process

The institutional structure of Nepal has been weakened through its recent experience of political instability. The king seized power in 2005, which preci­pi­tated the mass demonstrations of the People’s Movement (Jana Andolan), which sought a return to, and the further development of, democracy in Nepal. This occurred in parallel with the culmination of the Maoist insurgency, which ended in 2006 under the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. Rebel leaders demanded a move to republicanism, and the convening of an assembly to draft a new constitution for the Himalayan state. These events heralded the begin­nings of the constitutional reform process. Central to the facilitation of the reform is the Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2007, which replaces the 1990 Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal. The first President was elected in July 2008.

The legal system is based on English Common Law. It adopted secularism as a key tenet of the constitution (and thereby declassified the country as a “Hindu Kingdom”). However, it retains some Hindu legal concepts. Despite the transition to a republic, the basis of the parliamentary system remains. There is now no Second House, the members of which were merged into the House of Representatives. As an interim document, the 2007 Constitution provides for the establishment of the unicameral Constituent Assembly (CA) and the preparation of the new constitution. There are 601 seats in the CA, 240 of which are elected by direct popular vote, 335 by proportional representation and 26 appointed by the Cabinet (Council of Ministers). The term of the CA is three years after the first CA meeting is held unless dissolved earlier. The CA dissolved in May 2012 after it failed to promulgate a constitution, and the second CA election was held in November 2014. President Ram Baran Yadav was elected in 2008 by the CA as the head of state. The presidency will last until the new constitution is promulgated. A Prime Minister is officially appointed by the President as the head of the Government. Prime Minister Sushil Koirala was appointed in February 2014.