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Laws and Policies

CCLW

CCLW national policies

14th Five Year Plan: Energy Conservation Emissions Reduction Work Plan (2021-2025)

Approved

<div>This plan 1) promotes energy conservation and emission reduction, 2) aims to enhance pollution prevention and control efforts, 3) seeks to accelerate the establishment and improvement of a green, low-carbon and circular development economic system, 4) promotes a comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, and 5) seeks to help achieve carbon peak and neutrality goals. The plan notably aims to implement key projects of energy conservation and emission reduction within key industries such as iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, building materials, petrochemicals and chemicals. It also calls for the development of urban green planning, green construction, and green operation management, and promote the construction of low-carbon cities, resilient cities, sponge cities, and "waste-free cities". The plan identifies the following sectoral measures to advance (non-exhaustive list):</div><ul><li>Transport : promote the construction of green railways, green roads, green ports, green waterways, and green airports, and promote the construction of infrastructure such as charging and replacing electricity, filling (gas), hydrogen refueling, and shore power at ports and airports in an orderly manner. Increase the proportion of new energy vehicles used in urban public transport, rental, logistics, sanitation cleaning and other vehicles. Speed ​​up the transport of bulk cargo and medium- and long-distance goods by "road-to-rail" and "road-to-water", and vigorously develop multimodal transport such as hot metal, road-rail, and public-water. Fully implement the China VI emission standards for automobiles and the China IV emission standards for non-road mobile diesel machinery, and basically eliminate vehicles with emission standards of China III and below. (...)</li><li>Rural areas and agriculture: Accelerate the application of wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy and other renewable energy in agricultural production and rural life, and promote clean heating in rural areas in an orderly manner. Promote the application of agricultural electric vehicles, energy-saving and environmentally friendly agricultural machinery and fishing boats, develop energy-saving agricultural greenhouses, and promote energy-saving renovation of farm buildings and the construction of green farm buildings.&nbsp; (...)</li><li>Energy efficiency improvement projects of public institutions: Accelerate the energy-saving renovation of existing building envelopes, heating, cooling, lighting and other facilities and equipment in public institutions, and encourage the use of contract energy management models such as energy cost trusteeship. Take the lead in phasing out old cars, take the lead in purchasing and using energy-saving and new energy vehicles.&nbsp; (...)</li><li>Coal: "clean and efficient utilisation of coal", and promote the transformation of existing coal-fired power units to save coal and reduce consumption, the transformation of heating supply, and the transformation of flexibility. Reform and linkage”, continue to promote the ultra-low emission transformation of coal-fired power units.&nbsp; (...)</li><li>Environmental infrastructure level improvement projects: accelerate the construction of an environmental infrastructure system integrating sewage, garbage, solid waste, hazardous waste, medical waste treatment and disposal facilities and monitoring and supervision capabilities, and promote the formation of an environmental infrastructure network extending from cities to towns and villages. (...)</li></ul>

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An aim to achieve a quantifiable outcome within a given time-frame, set by an institution such as a national government.

Policy instruments are techniques or tools used by governing authorities to promote certain policies in order to achieve predetermined goals. Put simply, instruments are how a government tries to achieve its goals, with this taxonomy being focused on national policy instruments.

Risk is the potential for adverse consequences resulting from the dynamic interplay between (climate-related) hazards, exposure, and vulnerability of affected human or ecological systems.

Groups  of people who are adversely affected by climate change or the response to it

A set of principles, processes, and practices that build economic and political power to shift from an extractive economy to a regenerative economy.

Renewable energy means all forms of energy produced from renewable sources in a sustainable manner.

Fossil fuel is a generic term for non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fossil gas, and oil (including crude oil, and petroleum products), that can be used for electricity and heat generation. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons formed from pressurised and heated organic material buried over millions of years.

Molecules in the atmosphere that play a key role in the greenhouse effect by trapping heat radiating from Earth’s surface.

Area of the economy in which actors engage in identical or related activities.

In human systems, the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate change and its effects, in order to moderate harm, increase resilience or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, the process of adjustment to actual climate change and its effects; human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate change and its effects.

The management and allocation of funds, assets and investments to meet various objectives

This sector involves the wholesale and retail selling of goods.

Terrestrial means "of the earth" and relates to the risks to ecological system that includes all living organisms and their interactions within land-based environments, such as forests, grasslands, and deserts.

A subsidy is a direct or indirect payment to individuals or businesses, typically provided as a government cash payment or a specific tax reduction.

Any compulsory, unrequited payment to the government levied on corporations or individuals. This can be for environmental reasons, such as introducing a Carbon tax to set a price that emitters must pay for the greenhouse gases they emit.

This sector includes firms and individuals offering specialised expertise in fields such as law, accounting, consulting, science and engineering.

Energy derived from biological compounds that are renewable due to their short life cycle within the carbon dioxide cycle.

An integrated system of hazard monitoring, forecasting and prediction, that enables individuals, communities, governments, businesses and others to take timely action to reduce disaster risks in advance of hazardous events.

Activities involving the catching, processing, and selling of fish for food, recreation, and industry.

Activities of businesses and institutions that provide financial services and products to individuals and organisations.

A tax advantage is an economic benefit applied to certain accounts or investments that are, by law, tax-reduced, tax-deferred, or tax-free. This can apply to investments in areas such as green energy projects or the agricultural sector, where tax advantages can help manage financial risks.

The activities of industries that transforms raw materials into finished goods through industrial processes.

Actions to adapt human health, healthcare systems and well-being to climate change.

Air pollution involves harmful contaminants in the air, affecting both indoor and outdoor environments. It can lead to health issues like respiratory diseases and heart problems, and climate impacts such as global warming. Pollutants can damage plants, trees, habitats, and water bodies like rivers and lakes.

The activities of industries involved in the production, distribution, and sale of energy, including electricity, gas, and renewables.

This sector creates and distributes information and entertainment through television, radio, print, and digital platforms.

Financial support to help individuals manage the effects of unexpected events, securing their livelihoods and increasing the resilience of people and businesses to the changing climate. It’s especially vital in developing regions where everyday risks, climate-related weather extremes, or crop failures can push people into poverty. Without insurance, people may have to resort to selling assets or cutting consumption to cope with losses.

Oil is a combustible liquid fossil fuel composed mainly of hydrocarbons, occurring as crude oil and refined into petroleum products such as petrol, diesel and kerosene.

Actions or measures to adapt freshwater systems to climate change.

This sector involves managing waste treatment, sanitation, pollution control and environmental cleanup.

Actions to adapt and increase the resilience of rural and urban infrastructure and settlements to climate change.

Any substance with chemical properties that can cause physical harm to people or damage the environment, including ammonia, carbon monoxide, phosphine, chlorine, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, pesticides, dioxins, microplastics, benzene, asbestos, aflatoxins, fluoride, methanol, and toxins from marine sources.

Activities that involve the cultivation of crops and raising of livestock for food, fibre, and other products essential for human life and industry.

Coal is a combustible sedimentary rock formed from carbonised plant matter, rich in carbon and hydrocarbons, and occurring in several main types including hard coal and brown coal.

Either money or something of monetary value is transferred between two or more organisations, people or countries.

Social protection systems consist of policies that help people manage social risks in order to prevent poverty and maintain decent incomes and living standards

Activities that involve planning, designing and building infrastructure, residential, and commercial structures.

Production of electricity and heat from solar irradiation.

Kinetic energy of airflow transformed into useful energy, mostly electrical energy.

This sector involves the distribution, treatment, and conservation of water resources.

Conditions that enhance the feasibility of adaptation options. Enabling conditions include finance, technological innovation, strengthening policy instruments, institutional capacity, multi-level governance and changes in human behaviour and lifestyles.

A financial entity operated or controlled by the state, often with a mandate for social or economic development.

Compulsory, required payments to the government that are levied more-or-less in proportion to the services provided. Fees and charges range from entrance fees to national parks, charges on land-based sewage discharge.

This sector provides communication services, software development, and IT solutions.

A loan is a policy instrument where funds are provided to a borrower with the expectation of repaying the principal plus interest.

Actions or measures to adapt freshwater, coastal and marine systems to climate change.

woman and genders outside of the gender binary

Codes and standards are regulatory instruments that specify minimum standards to protect health and safety. This ranges from performance standards, which prescribe outcomes while allowing flexibility to achieve compliance, to the more prescriptive approach of technology-specific standards.

Activities of government agencies and institutions that provide public services, enforce laws and manage public resources.

This sector involves activities to move goods and people, alongside the storage of products.

Social inclusion is the process of improving the terms on which individuals and groups take part in society—improving the ability, opportunity, and dignity of those disadvantaged on the basis of their identity.

Fossil gas, commonly known as natural gas, is a fossil fuel consisting chiefly of methane with smaller amounts of other hydrocarbons and trace gases, found in underground deposits.

14th Five Year Plan: Energy Conservation Emissions Reduction Work Plan (2021-2025)

Target

Policy instrument

Risk

Impacted group

Just transition

Renewable energy

Fossil fuel

Greenhouse gas

Economic sector

Adaptation/resilience

Finance