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Laws and Policies

CCLW

CCLW national policies

Act on the Progressive Phase-out of Nuclear Energy from 2015 to 2025 (Initial Version)

Act on nuclear energy for industrial electricity production (Consolidated version)

 Act containing various provisions regarding nuclear energy, with the aim of ensuring the security of the electricity supply and keeping energy mix costs under control

Law passed

Last amended

Last Amendment

Original scope (2003): The Act provided for the gradual phase-out of nuclear energy for commercial electricity production. It prohibited the construction of new nuclear power plants and set a 40-year operational limit on existing plants (constructed between 1974 and 1985), scheduling their decommissioning over the 2015–2025 period. The progressive phase-out was to be accompanied by energy market restructuring measures, including reduction of energy consumption by the largest industrial consumers. The 2013 amendment postponed the phase-out and shutdown of the last nuclear reactor to 2025. 
May 2025 amendment (Law of 17 May 2025, "loi Bihet"): Parliament voted by a large majority (102 for, 8 against, 31 abstentions) to abrogate the core articles of the 2003 Act, effectively reversing its original purpose. The Act's title was simultaneously amended to remove all reference to phase-out ("sortie progressive de" was deleted from the title). The 2025 law suppresses any reference to a closure deadline of 2025, removes the prohibition on constructing new nuclear installations, and opens the legal path to extending the operational life of existing reactors and planning new capacity, including small modular reactors (SMRs). The 2003 Act thus survives as a legal instrument under its original date but with a fundamentally different purpose, serving as the framework for Belgium's renewed nuclear energy policy.

Act on nuclear energy for industrial electricity production

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An aim to achieve a quantifiable outcome within a given time-frame, set by an institution such as a national government.

Policy instruments are techniques or tools used by governing authorities to promote certain policies in order to achieve predetermined goals. Put simply, instruments are how a government tries to achieve its goals, with this taxonomy being focused on national policy instruments.

Risk is the potential for adverse consequences resulting from the dynamic interplay between (climate-related) hazards, exposure, and vulnerability of affected human or ecological systems.

Groups  of people who are adversely affected by climate change or the response to it

A set of principles, processes, and practices that build economic and political power to shift from an extractive economy to a regenerative economy.

Renewable energy means all forms of energy produced from renewable sources in a sustainable manner.

Fossil fuel is a generic term for non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fossil gas, and oil (including crude oil, and petroleum products), that can be used for electricity and heat generation. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons formed from pressurised and heated organic material buried over millions of years.

Molecules in the atmosphere that play a key role in the greenhouse effect by trapping heat radiating from Earth’s surface.

Area of the economy in which actors engage in identical or related activities.

In human systems, the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate change and its effects, in order to moderate harm, increase resilience or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, the process of adjustment to actual climate change and its effects; human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate change and its effects.

The management and allocation of funds, assets and investments to meet various objectives

Compulsory, required payments to the government that are levied more-or-less in proportion to the services provided. Fees and charges range from entrance fees to national parks, charges on land-based sewage discharge.

Either money or something of monetary value is transferred between two or more organisations, people or countries.

Justice is the ethical and political framework that addresses fairness, including issues of responsibility, rights, and structural inequity.

Social inclusion is the process of improving the terms on which individuals and groups take part in society—improving the ability, opportunity, and dignity of those disadvantaged on the basis of their identity.

Fossil gas, commonly known as natural gas, is a fossil fuel consisting chiefly of methane with smaller amounts of other hydrocarbons and trace gases, found in underground deposits.

Work that is productive and delivers a fair income, security in the workplace and social protection for all, better prospects for personal development and social integration, freedom for people to express their concerns, organize and participate in the decisions that affect their lives and equality of opportunity.

Any compulsory, unrequited payment to the government levied on corporations or individuals. This can be for environmental reasons, such as introducing a Carbon tax to set a price that emitters must pay for the greenhouse gases they emit.

The activities of industries that transforms raw materials into finished goods through industrial processes.

The activities of industries involved in the production, distribution, and sale of energy, including electricity, gas, and renewables.

This sector includes firms and individuals offering specialised expertise in fields such as law, accounting, consulting, science and engineering.

the fair distribution of risks and opportunities of climate change and the transition to a regenerative economy, cognisant in particular of disproportionate impacts on vulnerable communities and the working class

Act on nuclear energy for industrial electricity production (Consolidated version)

Policy instrument

Just transition

Fossil fuel

Economic sector

Finance