The Forest act of 1993 provides a framework to ensure an operational management of the forestry sector, ensure the development, the conservation and the proper use of forest products. The act also provides the policies for a cooperation in the conservation and development of private forest by managing the national forest in the form of government managed forest, protected forest, community forect, leasehold forest and religious forest. However, the Shrestha v. Office of the Prime Minister et al. case led to the adoption of the Forests Act 12/2019 to enable Nepal to meet its commitments to the Paris Agreement. This document notably states in chapter 13, article 44, on the management of environmental services that the government shall take provisions with regard to climate change adaptation and storage, mitigation of emission, of carbon, the management, use and distribution of dividends.

Forests Act 12/2019

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Amendment to the Forest Act 1993

Passed/Approved

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An aim to achieve a quantifiable outcome within a given time-frame, set by an institution such as a national government.

Policy instruments are techniques or tools used by governing authorities to promote certain policies in order to achieve predetermined goals. Put simply, instruments are how a government tries to achieve its goals, with this taxonomy being focused on national policy instruments.

Risk is the potential for adverse consequences resulting from the dynamic interplay between (climate-related) hazards, exposure, and vulnerability of affected human or ecological systems.

Groups  of people who are adversely affected by climate change or the response to it

A set of principles, processes, and practices that build economic and political power to shift from an extractive economy to a regenerative economy.

Justice is the ethical and political framework that addresses fairness, including issues of responsibility, rights, and structural inequity.

Renewable energy means all forms of energy produced from renewable sources in a sustainable manner.

Fossil fuel is a generic term for non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fossil gas, and oil (including crude oil, and petroleum products), that can be used for electricity and heat generation. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons formed from pressurised and heated organic material buried over millions of years.

Molecules in the atmosphere that play a key role in the greenhouse effect by trapping heat radiating from Earth’s surface.

Area of the economy in which actors engage in identical or related activities.

In human systems, the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate change and its effects, in order to moderate harm, increase resilience or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, the process of adjustment to actual climate change and its effects; human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate change and its effects.

The management and allocation of funds, assets and investments to meet various objectives

People who are less able to respond to the effects of climate change due to having limited financial or physical assets

Either money or something of monetary value is transferred between two or more organisations, people or countries.

Actions or measures to adapt terrestrial systems to climate change.

Actions and measures to adapt and increase resilience of societies and the economy to climate change.

Actions to reduce emissions in energy generation and supply.

Energy derived from biological compounds that are renewable due to their short life cycle within the carbon dioxide cycle.

Work that is productive and delivers a fair income, security in the workplace and social protection for all, better prospects for personal development and social integration, freedom for people to express their concerns, organize and participate in the decisions that affect their lives and equality of opportunity.

This sector involves activities to move goods and people, alongside the storage of products.

Activities that provide lodging, food, and entertainment services to guests, including hotels, restaurants, and resorts.

Activities that relate to the production of goods and services from forests.

the fair distribution of risks and opportunities of climate change and the transition to a regenerative economy, cognisant in particular of disproportionate impacts on vulnerable communities and the working class

Procedural justice means ensuring that decision making is safe, transparent and inclusive, emphasizing the agency and influence of vulnerable groups and those most impacted.

Amendment to the Forest Act 1993

Impacted group

Just transition

Climate justice

Renewable energy

Economic sector

Adaptation/resilience

Finance