Energy Agreement 2012-2020

Laws and Policies

CCLW

CCLW national policies

Law passed

Comprehensive agreement passed by a majority in the parliament that aims at reducing emissions via energy efficiency and increasing the share of renewable energies towards a green socio-economic transition. The overall objective is to shift energy supply to have a share of 35% renewable energy in final energy consumption by 2020 and 100% renewable energy by 2050 expected to reduce GHG emissions by approximately 34% by 2020 over 1990. It proposes a 7.6% reduction of gross energy consumption in 2020 in comparison to 2010.<br />
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It contains a number of key elements that contribute to the overall target. Energy companies must realise specific energy savings beyond current standards. It also includes development of a comprehensive strategy to improve energy efficiency standards in buildings, expansion of wind power from 25% (2012) to 50% (2020), demonstration and use of new renewable energy technologies (wave, solar, geothermal), amendment to the Heating Supply Act to increase attractiveness of shifting from coal to biomass, phasing-out of oil-fired boilers via encouraging shifts to natural gas boilers and electrical heat pumps using ambient heat in existing buildings and subsidies to promote investment in energy efficient use of renewable energy in industrial production processes, calls to draw up strategy on establishing smart grids, improving opportunities for using biogas (provision, financial support), facilitating a shift in transport sector from fossil fuels to electricity and biofuels via subsidies for car recharging stations as well as the implementation of the 10% target for renewable energies in transport by 2020 and the implementation of efficiency improvements in the energy sector.

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An aim to achieve a quantifiable outcome within a given time-frame, set by an institution such as a national government.

Policy instruments are techniques or tools used by governing authorities to promote certain policies in order to achieve predetermined goals. Put simply, instruments are how a government tries to achieve its goals, with this taxonomy being focused on national policy instruments.

Risk is the potential for adverse consequences resulting from the dynamic interplay between (climate-related) hazards, exposure, and vulnerability of affected human or ecological systems.

Groups  of people who are adversely affected by climate change or the response to it

A set of principles, processes, and practices that build economic and political power to shift from an extractive economy to a regenerative economy.

Renewable energy means all forms of energy produced from renewable sources in a sustainable manner.

Fossil fuel is a generic term for non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fossil gas, and oil (including crude oil, and petroleum products), that can be used for electricity and heat generation. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons formed from pressurised and heated organic material buried over millions of years.

Molecules in the atmosphere that play a key role in the greenhouse effect by trapping heat radiating from Earth’s surface.

Area of the economy in which actors engage in identical or related activities.

In human systems, the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate change and its effects, in order to moderate harm, increase resilience or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, the process of adjustment to actual climate change and its effects; human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate change and its effects.

The management and allocation of funds, assets and investments to meet various objectives

A long-lived, colourless gas, chiefly emitted from fossil fuel combustion, deforestation and cement production.

This sector involves the wholesale and retail selling of goods.

A subsidy is a direct or indirect payment to individuals or businesses, typically provided as a government cash payment or a specific tax reduction.

Any compulsory, unrequited payment to the government levied on corporations or individuals. This can be for environmental reasons, such as introducing a Carbon tax to set a price that emitters must pay for the greenhouse gases they emit.

A ban is a legal action that prevents the sale or supply of a product or service, or that recalls a product from the market. Examples are bans on SF6, greenwashing, fossil fuel advertisement or single-use plastics.

Energy derived from biological compounds that are renewable due to their short life cycle within the carbon dioxide cycle.

Activities of businesses and institutions that provide financial services and products to individuals and organisations.

A tax advantage is an economic benefit applied to certain accounts or investments that are, by law, tax-reduced, tax-deferred, or tax-free. This can apply to investments in areas such as green energy projects or the agricultural sector, where tax advantages can help manage financial risks.

The activities of industries involved in the production, distribution, and sale of energy, including electricity, gas, and renewables.

Financial support to help individuals manage the effects of unexpected events, securing their livelihoods and increasing the resilience of people and businesses to the changing climate. It’s especially vital in developing regions where everyday risks, climate-related weather extremes, or crop failures can push people into poverty. Without insurance, people may have to resort to selling assets or cutting consumption to cope with losses.

Oil is a combustible liquid fossil fuel composed mainly of hydrocarbons, occurring as crude oil and refined into petroleum products such as petrol, diesel and kerosene.

Electricity generation from devices driven by the movement of salt water, differences in saltwater temperatures, or salinity gradients.

Heat extracted from the ground, usually in the form of hot water or steam and typically referred to as hydrothermal fluid.

Coal is a combustible sedimentary rock formed from carbonised plant matter, rich in carbon and hydrocarbons, and occurring in several main types including hard coal and brown coal.

Either money or something of monetary value is transferred between two or more organisations, people or countries.

Activities that involve planning, designing and building infrastructure, residential, and commercial structures.

Kinetic energy of airflow transformed into useful energy, mostly electrical energy.

Production of electricity and heat from solar irradiation.

Jobs that contribute to preserving or restoring the environment. We include jobs which require a high amount of green skills or which spend much of their time on green activities, as well as jobs transforming polluting industries.

This sector involves activities to move goods and people, alongside the storage of products.

Fossil gas, commonly known as natural gas, is a fossil fuel consisting chiefly of methane with smaller amounts of other hydrocarbons and trace gases, found in underground deposits.

Energy Agreement 2012-2020

Target

Policy instrument

Just transition

Renewable energy

Fossil fuel

Greenhouse gas

Economic sector

Adaptation/resilience

Finance