<p>The Law 2577/2026 formally recognises displacement caused by climate change, environmental degradation, and natural disasters and commits to developing guidelines to identify and characterise affected people, families, communities, and productive units, with special attention to women and girls in vulnerable situations, and to protecting food sovereignty/security. It establishes that the climatic impacts, environmental degradation and natural disasters must be serious or must threaten or cause harm to the rights of individuals and communities, with the Ministry of Environment and UNGRD (the disaster risk agency) setting the severity criteria. The law creates a new Single Register of Environmental Displacement (RUDA in Spanish), covering anyone at risk of or experiencing this displacement, including preventive evacuees; registration can occur before, during, or after displacement, and each case must first be certified by UNGRD as either natural (triggering full state assistance) or human-caused. Once certified, people receive basic needs, infrastructure and economic rehabilitation, and voluntary safe return or resettlement, with full reparation where recovery isn't possible. The law sets several implementation deadlines: within 6 months, Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies, the Ministry of Environment, and UNGRD must jointly define the technical criteria for identifying this type of displacement, and separately, the National Planning Department must formulate a national public policy on the issue (updated every 5 years); within 8 months, UNGRD must build and launch RUDA; affected people have 2 years from the triggering event to file a declaration; and UNGRD must open a verification process within 5 business days of learning of an event and certify it within 3 months. Finally, the statute creates no dedicated fund or budget line for implementation.</p>

Law 2577/2026 recognising internal forced displacement caused by climate change, environmental degradation, and natural disasters

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An aim to achieve a quantifiable outcome within a given time-frame, set by an institution such as a national government.

Policy instruments are techniques or tools used by governing authorities to promote certain policies in order to achieve predetermined goals. Put simply, instruments are how a government tries to achieve its goals, with this taxonomy being focused on national policy instruments.

Risk is the potential for adverse consequences resulting from the dynamic interplay between (climate-related) hazards, exposure, and vulnerability of affected human or ecological systems.

Groups  of people who are adversely affected by climate change or the response to it

A set of principles, processes, and practices that build economic and political power to shift from an extractive economy to a regenerative economy.

Justice is the ethical and political framework that addresses fairness, including issues of responsibility, rights, and structural inequity.

Renewable energy means all forms of energy produced from renewable sources in a sustainable manner.

Fossil fuel is a generic term for non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fossil gas, and oil (including crude oil, and petroleum products), that can be used for electricity and heat generation. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons formed from pressurised and heated organic material buried over millions of years.

Molecules in the atmosphere that play a key role in the greenhouse effect by trapping heat radiating from Earth’s surface.

Area of the economy in which actors engage in identical or related activities.

In human systems, the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate change and its effects, in order to moderate harm, increase resilience or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, the process of adjustment to actual climate change and its effects; human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate change and its effects.

The management and allocation of funds, assets and investments to meet various objectives

People who are less able to respond to the effects of climate change due to having limited financial or physical assets

Either money or something of monetary value is transferred between two or more organisations, people or countries.

Actions or measures to adapt freshwater systems to climate change.

Actions to adapt human health, healthcare systems and well-being to climate change.

Actions and measures to adapt and increase resilience of societies and the economy to climate change.

Actions or measures to adapt freshwater, coastal and marine systems to climate change.

People with different national or cultural traditions from the dominant population

People who have left their homes, whether through force, voluntarily, or a mixture of both

woman and genders outside of the gender binary

The activities of industries that transforms raw materials into finished goods through industrial processes.

This sector involves managing waste treatment, sanitation, pollution control and environmental cleanup.

This sector involves activities that impart knowledge and skills to individuals, including formal schooling, vocational training and educational support.

Activities of government agencies and institutions that provide public services, enforce laws and manage public resources.

This sector involves the distribution, treatment, and conservation of water resources.

the fair distribution of risks and opportunities of climate change and the transition to a regenerative economy, cognisant in particular of disproportionate impacts on vulnerable communities and the working class

Procedural justice means ensuring that decision making is safe, transparent and inclusive, emphasizing the agency and influence of vulnerable groups and those most impacted.

Climate change impacts our society by disrupting the natural, economic and social systems we depend on. Physical hazards and underlying vulnerabilities can lead to increased resource competition for food and water, which can heighten the risk of conflict.

Law 2577/2026 recognising internal forced displacement caused by climate change, environmental degradation, and natural disasters

Risk

Impacted group

Climate justice

Economic sector

Adaptation/resilience

Finance