The overall goal of the Alternative Energy Development Plan 2018 - 2037 (AEDP 2018) is to increase the share of renewable energy for 30% of final energy consumption by the year 2037.&nbsp;<br><br>The AEDP 2018 defines goals for the increase of renewable energy to almost 30,000 MW by 2037, and to achieve ca. 34% of net national electrical energy demand being supplied by renewable energy sources by 2037.<br><br>The following capacities are envisaged for the respective sectors:</div><ul><li>Solar energy: 12,139 MW;</li><li>Floating solare energy: 2,725 MW;</li><li>Biomass: 5,790 MW;</li><li>Wind power: 2,989 MW;</li><li>Biogas: 1,565 MW;</li><li>Community waste: 900 MW;</li><li>Industrial Waste: 75 MW;</li><li>Small hydropower: 308 MW;</li><li>Large hydropower: 2,920 MW;</li><li>TOTAL: 29,411 MW.</li></ul><div><br>

The National Forest Policy has four objectives:<br><br></div><ol><li>Provide forest areas respecting the balance of ecosystems and utilisation;</li><li>Stop and prevent the destruction of forests and biodiversity;</li><li>Ensure the conservation and utilisation of forest resources, wildlife and biodiversity;</li><li>Efficient forest resource management system based on knowledge and innovation including participation of all sectors.&nbsp;</li></ol><div><br>The Policy sets the goal of designating an area for forests that accounts for at least 40% of the country's area. Furthermore, conserved forests should not be less than 25% of the country's area, and economic and community forests should not be less than 15% of the country's area.

<div>The <a href="https://climate-laws.org/geographies/thailand/policies/thailand-power-development-plan-2018-2037">PDP 2015</a> was revised, and the Thailand Power Development Plan 2018-2037 (PDP 2018) was passed.&nbsp;<br>Key highlights include:<br><br></div><ol><li>The power generation system, power transmission system and power distribution system are stable by area to create a balance. Electrical systems by region;</li><li>Appropriate level of security of the power plants and increasing flexibility of the electrical system (Grid Flexibility);&nbsp;</li><li>Promote low-cost electricity generation;</li><li>Prepare the electrical system to enable competition in power generation, and thus, increase efficiency of electricity production;</li><li>Reduce environmental impact;</li><li>Promote the production of electricity from renewable energy and increase the efficiency of the electrical system, both in terms of electricity generation and electricity consumption.</li><li>Develop a smart grid power network system (Smartgrid) to support the changing trend of electricity users like Prosumer.</li></ol><div><br>In addition, the PDP2018 places emphasis on Stakeholder participation by creating participation of the public sector.</div><div><br>Due to an increase in the proportion of electricity generation using natural gas instead of coal, carbon dioxide emissions will be lower than in PDP 2015.&nbsp;<br><br></div><ul><li>Amount of carbon dioxide emission per unit (kgCO2/kWh): 2022 - 0.368; 2027 - 0.339; 2030 - 0.326; 2032 - 0.291; and 2037 - 0.283;</li><li>Amount of carbon dioxide emission per annum (thousand tons of CO2): 2022 - 88,947; 2027 - 94,007; 2030 - 98,743; 2032 - 93,357; and 2037 - 103,845.</li></ul>

This document was identified in the country's NDC, however no further detail or documentation is available.

This strategy seeks to boost wellbeing, human capital, competitiveness, income distribution, social equality, sustainability and government efficiency. The vision set in this document is for Thailand to "become a developed country with security, prosperity and sustainability in accordance with the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy". The way to achieve this is through a "climate-friendly" development.<br><br>

The current Constitution of Thailand was adopted in 2017, making this the 18th the Constitution the country has had. This Constitution was enforced after at the military government’s second attempt to change the Constitution after the 2014 military coup took place. A national referendum approved the new Constitution by a 61% majority from a 59% turnout; it has not been amended since. Chapter XVI of Thailand’s Constitution refers to national reforms which, among others, should have as objective that the nation enjoys “sustainable development in accordance with the philosophy of sufficiency economy, and a balance between material and spiritual development” (section 257). Section 258 of this same chapter in the Constitution further develops that national reforms shall be carried out to achieve political, administrative, legal (law), justice process, educational, economic and other results. Within the “other” category, the Constitution provides for the protection of the environment by, specifically, referring to procuring a water resource management system that considers water demand, the environment and climate change. This provision reads as follows: “National reform in various areas shall be carried out to at least achieve the following results: […] g. Other Areas: 1. having a water resource management system which is efficient, fair and sustainable, with due regard given to every dimension of water demand in combination with environmental and climate change; […]”.&nbsp;

The Act established the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) to regulate the energy industry, to prevent abuse of power and protect energy consumers and those adversely affected by energy industry operations. In energy efficiency and conservation, the ERC has the following authority and duties:<br />
1) Establish measures to ensure security and reliability of the power system;<br />
2) Inspect the energy industry operations of licensees to ensure efficiency and transparency;<br />
3) Promote knowledge and awareness in relation to energy;<br />
4) Promote and support human resources development in order to increase efficiency in the energy industry;<br />
5) Promote economical and efficient use of energy and the use of renewable energy and low-impact energy, with due consideration of the efficiency of the electricity industry operations and the balance of natural resources.

The Energy Conservation Promotion Act has three main components: A compulsory programme that requires 'designated' factories and buildings to conduct energy audit, set targets for energy conservation. It includes a voluntary programme with a focus on small- to medium-sized companies and a complementary programme covering research programmes and awareness raising activities. Measures include:
- Improvement in combustion efficiency of fuels
- Energy recycling (waste heat recovery)
- Prevention of energy loss
- More efficient use of electricity
The act created the Energy Conservation Promotion Fund to finance projects and research related to the issue of energy conservation.

Thailand​ 2nd​ Updated​ NDC, Nationally Determined Contribution from Thailand in 2022

Thailand Mid-century, Long-term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy, Long-Term Low-Emission Development Strategy from Thailand in 2021

Thailand. Biennial update report (BUR). BUR 3., Biennial Update Report from Thailand in 2020

Thailand First NDC (Updated submission), Nationally Determined Contribution from Thailand in 2020

Thailand. National Communication (NC). NC 3., National Communication from Thailand in 2018

Alternative Energy Development Plan 2015-2036

Law passed

The <a href="http://www.eppo.go.th/index.php/en/policy-and-plan/en-tieb/tieb-aedp">Alternative Energy Development plan</a> (AEDP), developed by the Ministry of Energy has developed the Thailand Integrated Energy Blueprint (TIEB) focuses on three key areas:<br />
<ol><br />
<li>Energy security - in relation to energy supply</li><br />
<li>Economy - regards to controlling energy and fuel costs while promoting efficiency</li><br />
<li>Ecology - increasing domestic renewable energy production to reduce impact on environment</li><br />
</ol><br />
The AEDP defines overall goals for the increase of renewable energy from the current 7,300 MW to almost 20,000 MW by 2036, and to achieve 20 % of net national electrical energy demand being supplied by renewable energy sources by 2036.<br />
The following capacities are envisaged for the respective sectors:<br />
<ul><br />
<li>Waste-to-energy: 550 MW (currently approx. 65 MW)</li><br />
<li>Biomass: 5,570 MW (currently approx. 2,500 MW)</li><br />
<li>Biogas from waste /wastewater: 600 MW (currently approx. 300 MW)</li><br />
<li>Biogas from plants: 680 MW</li><br />
<li>Wind energy: 3,002 MW (currently approx. 225 MW)</li><br />
<li>Solar energy: 6,000 MW (currently 1,300 MW)</li><br />
<li>Hydropower (small): 376 MW (currently 142 MW)</li><br />
<li>Hydropower (large): unchanged (currently approx. 3,000 MW)</li><br />
</ul><br />

Alternative Energy Development Plan 2015-2036

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