Environment Code (Law 2001-01)

The Code recognises the environment as national and international patrimony, establishing that all citizens have the right to live in a healthy environment, but are also responsible for its protection. Thus, environmental conservation must be integrated in national policies addressing socio-economic development and cultural issues.

The key instruments for environmental protections outlines in the Code address: biodiversity; desertification; forest management; air pollution; urban planning; and hazardous waste disposal. Commitments undertaken under the framework of the United Nations are highlighted as the basis for actions on climate change (with reference to the UNFCCC) and the control the emission of pollutants (recalling the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol).

All activities within this broad range of areas must have an environment permit issued by the competent authorities, on the basis of an impact assessment study. The assessment criteria consider the impact of the activity on climate change, ecosystem, natural resources, archaeological and historical buildings and the welfare of the population.

Infringements to the articles of the Code are subjected to penalties, varying from fines to imprisonment.