This Law stipulates in Article 4 that the basic principles of state policy on climate change are to observe the following principles: long-term perspective; an all-encompassing scope of action involving all actors in all sectors; transparency and accountability; consistency; social justice and inclusivity; scientific soundness; sustainable development; and practical effectiveness (in achieving other health and environmental goals).
Key documents and reports such as the low-carbon development strategy and implementation plan, the National Adaptation Plan and the Nationally Determined Contribution are to be approved by the Cabinet of Ministers (Article 5). The Law stipulates that local climate plans shall be developed and approved in cities of national importance and other cities determined by the Cabinet and lists the measures that shall be included (Article 6). Local state administrations are to integrate climate change issues into their regional socio-economic development programmes and monitor and implement climate change adaptation policies and measures (Article 13).
The Advisory Body on Climate Change Issues, which is under the Cabinet, reviews and approves mitigation and adaptation measures, and oversees their implementation (Article 8). The Law mandates that the Cabinet shall develop and implement state climate policy in various areas including conserving mountain ecosystems and carbon sequestration; establish a national carbon unit trading system; mobilise and distribute climate finance; develop scientific and technological expertise, amongst other obligations (Article 9).
The Prosecutor’s offices oversee compliance with climate legislation, including compliance by state bodies and local governmental bodies, and take prosecutorial measures to correct violations (Article 11).
While participation by small and medium enterprises is voluntary, other economic operators are to participate in energy efficiency, climate resilience and climate technology programmes (Article 14).
There are provisions concerning mitigation policy, including greenhouse gas emissions inventory and monitoring, and regulation of emissions and removals (Chapter 3); and adaptation, including the various stages of assessment of climate risks and vulnerability, adaptive planning, implementation of measures and conducting monitoring (Chapter 4). The greening of settlements is listed as one of the adaptation measures, which also contributes to improving the quality of life (Article 14).
On climate finance, there are provisions about introducing climate budgeting into public finance (Article 27) and developing climate insurance mechanisms (Article 30).
