The National Environmental Policy provides long-term strategic guidance on Myanmar's environmental and climate objectives. The policy recognises and integrates Myanmar's obligations under the Paris Agreement.

This plan aims to achieve climate-resilience and pursue a low-carbon growth pathway by 2030, while harnessing related benefits for present and future generations. It sets sectoral objectives and is divided in six axes: 1) Agriculture, fisheries and livestock, 2) Environment and natural resources, 3) Energy, transport and industry, 4) Cities, towns and human settlements, 5) Climate hazards and health, and 6)&nbsp;Education, science and technology.<br><br>

The National Climate Change Policy, published alongside the National Environment Policy, aims at creating a more robust policy framework to make sure that investment and development plans at all levels tackle climate change-related challenges. It further seeks to identify and make use of the benefits of&nbsp; a low-carbon, sustainable path forward.<br><br></div><div><br>The document establishes sectoral guidelines on 1) food and water security, 2) ecosystems, 3) low-carbon growth, 4) urban and rural urbanisation, 5) human wellbeing and health, and 6) public awareness and research. In that regard, it stresses the need to 1) pass more laws and adopt more regulations with regard to climate change in a cross-cutting manner, 2) improve the institutional framework, 3) enhance the national capabilities and international potential to foster climate-sensitive budgets, 4) capacity-building, 5) research, 6) partnerships, 7) transparency, and 8) monitoring.<br><br></div><div>This Policy adopts the Myanmar Climate Change Strategy and Master Plan to be implemented for the period 2018-2030.

The Myanmar Climate Change Strategy sets out the framework for climate change action in Myanmar, setting out Myanmar's vision to become a climate-resilient country and to contribute to efforts to curb greenhouse gas emissions. The strategy, which covers multiple sectors and aims to both reduce vulnerability to climate change and promote low-carbon growth rests on five implementation pillars including an overarching policy framework, a multi-stakeholder institutional mechanism, a financial mechanism, a capacity strengthening framework, and a monitoring and evaluations framework. The policy aims at the realisation of the following, sector-specific outcomes: (a) Climate-resilient productivity and climate-smart responses in the agriculture, fisheries and livestock sectors to support food security and livelihood strategies while also promoting resource-efficient and low-carbon practices. (b) Natural resource management that enhances the resilience of biodiversity and ecosystem services that support social and economic development and deliver carbon sequestration. (c) Climate-resilient and low-carbon energy, transport and industrial systems that support inclusive and sustainable development and economic growth. (d) All township and city dwellers, including the most vulnerable, are safe from increased risks of rapid- and slow-onset natural disasters and live in sustainable, inclusive, low-carbon, climate-resilient towns. (e) Communities and economic sectors are able to respond to and recover from climate-induced disasters, risks and health impacts and build a healthy society, and (f) Strengthened education, awareness and technological systems that foster a climate-responsive society and human capital to design and implement climate-resilient and low-carbon development solutions for inclusive and sustainable development.

The Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan (MSDP) has been designed as a living document that presents practical and implementable pathways toward addressing development challenges. The plan provides a long-term vision founded upon the objective of giving coherence to the policies and institutions necessary to achieve inclusive and transformational economis growth.&nbsp;<br><br>The plan is structured around three pillars ('A peaceful, Prosperous and Democratic Myanmar'), five goals (1) Peace, National reconciliation, Security and Good Governance; 2) Economic Stability and Strengthened, Macroeconomic Management; 3) Job Creation and Private Sector Led Growth; 4) Human resources and Social Development for a 21st Century Society; 5) Natural Resources and the Environment for Posterity of the Nation), 28 strategies and 251 action plans.&nbsp;

This document establishes the framework for the electricity system in accordance with the policies of the Government. It notably defines rules around energy efficiency.<br><br>The law aims to: 1) to decrease the cost of electricity generation through planning, to meet the demand for electricity and to provide electrical services; 2) to increase the number of electricity generation projects; 3) to enable the safe and widespread use of electricity; 4) to carry out electrical work in accordance with the prescribed procedures; 5) to increase domestic and foreign investment in the power sector; 6) to determine electricity tariffs; 7) to ensure open and transparent rules and regulations for electricity efficiency; 8) the Establishment of a Commission and its duties (to determine the electricity tariffs, to provide the necessary advice, etc.).

The Law's five objectives are to:</div><ul><li>Implement natural disaster management programmes systematically and expeditiously in order to reduce disaster risks;</li><li>Form the National Committee and Local Bodies in order to implement natural disaster management programmes systematically and expeditiously;</li><li>Co-ordinate with national and international government departments and organisations, social organisations, other non-government organisations or international organisations and regional organisations in carrying out natural disaster management activities;</li><li>Conserve and restore the environment affected by natural disasters;</li><li>Provide health, education, social and livelihood programmes in order to bring about better living conditions for victims.</li></ul><div>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;The law enables the formation of a National Natural Disaster Management Committee (and sub-committees) and specifies 31 specific roles and duties of the committee, including the establishment of a Natural Disaster Management Centre. The law primarily focuses on the committee's functions in response to a natural disaster but also outlines the need for the Natural Disaster Management Centre to monitor and screen information to enable early warning, and for the committee to educate and motivate the public for better readiness in the face of a natural disaster. The law identifies several required preparatory measures including 'enhancement of the capacity of the public for emergence of a disaster resilient community compatible with reduction of damage and losses due to unforeseen disaster risk caused by climate change'.<br>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;The law also states that region and state-level Natural Disaster Management Bodies are to be formed to respond to and manage natural disasters at the local level. The law allows for the President to declare an area a Natural Disaster Affected Area, specifies what emergency responses are to be enacted should a natural disaster be declared, and what rehabilitation and reconstruction activities are to be carried out. The law also specifies that a Natural Disaster Management Fund be established, as well as region or state-level funds.

The Law has eight objectives, including conserving natural and cultural heritage for the benefit of current and future generations, reclaiming ecosystems starting to degenerate and disappear, and promoting international, regional and bilateral co-operation focused on environmental conservation.<br />
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The law enables the formation of an Environment Conservation Committee and the establishment of an Environmental Management Fund to enable environmental conservation works. The law also identifies several duties and powers of the Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, one of which is to create guidance related to mitigation and adaptation of climate change. Others include stipulating environmental quality standards (e.g. noise, water quality, solid waste) and establishing monitoring programmes for the conservation and enhancement of the environment.

The Forest Law establishes the framework for the conservation and the management of forest land.&nbsp;<br><br>The law provides: 1) the identification of 'Reserved Forest' and of 'Protected Public Forest'; 2) the functions and responsibilities of the Forest Department; 3) the establishment of Forest Plantation; 4) the permission for Extraction of Forest Produce; 5) the disposal of drift, stranded and ownerless timber; 6) the establishment of wood-based industry; etc.&nbsp;

Myanmar First NDC (Updated submission), Nationally Determined Contribution from Myanmar in 2021

Myanmar First NDC (Archived), Nationally Determined Contribution from Myanmar in 2017

Myanmar. National Communication (NC). NC 1., National Communication from Myanmar in 2012

Myanmar Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction

Law passed

Last amended

The Action Plan, developed by the Relief and Resettlement Department within the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement, describes the institutional framework for disaster preparedness in Myanmar and details the regional and global commitments made by Myanmar such as the 2005 Hyogo Framework for Action and the ratification of the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response. The overall goal of the action plan is to 'make Myanmar safer and more resilient against natural hazards, thus protecting lives, livelihood and developmental gains' and it lists numerous projects to achieve this goal such as multi-hazard early warning systems and public awareness, education and training.<br />
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The action plan notes that climate change is likely to increase the incidence of floods and droughts (in both the coastal and dry zones of the country), as well as the intensity of windstorms in Myanmar, and that disaster risk planning must therefore take these factors into account. The action plan also specifically identifies linkages with climate change adaptation as important in the development of a Forest Fire and Haze Monitoring System.

Myanmar Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction

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