The Biofuels Policy of Zimbabwe fosters the production, use and sustainability of the liquid biofuels sector in the country, especially ethanol from sugar cane and biodiesel from jatropha, until 2030. Its aims are to reduce the country's dependency on oil imports, and to reduce its greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. It is unclear whether the target of ethanol blending ratio set out in 2019 by the Energy and Power Development Minister (20% by 2030; 33% reduction of GHG emissions from biofuel use), has been retained in the document in force.&nbsp;

The National Renewable Energy Policy is the government's key document aimed at fostering the production and use of renewable sources in the grid and off-grid. It aims to raise the share of renewables in the energy mix by creating incentives from supply, to distribution and demand, in urban and rural settings. It is not clear whether the incentives and targets set out in the 2019 draft are to be implemented through the current version which is unavailable.

The overall objective of the National Contingency Plan is to help ensure that Government, partners and civil society establish a timely, consistent and coordinated response to anticipated hazards during the 2012-2013 planning period in order to minimise potential humanitarian consequences and initiate linkages for the early recovery of affected communities. It identifies four hazards: hydro-meteorological, biological, GTIs and technological. The Contingency Plan is in line with provisions of the draft National Disaster Risk Strategy which is still awaiting finalisation.

The first section provides details on risks, scenarios, planning assumptions and consequences for each of the identified hazards. The second section summarises the coordination and management systems providing details of roles and responsibilities during assessment and coordination. The third section lays out the activities to be undertaken by different stakeholders.

The National Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS) provides a framework for a comprehensive and strategic approach to climate change adaptation, mitigation, technology and finance. The objective of the Strategy is to 'mainstream climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in economic and social development at national and sectoral levels through multi-stakeholder engagement'. 
The Strategy mainly aims to help the country and its citizens to adapt to severe droughts, increasing temperatures, irregular rainfall patterns and food shortages, attributed in part to climate change effects. 
The risks and impacts of climate change are analysed in the NCCRS, followed by sectoral strategies (agriculture, energy, water, etc.), with varying implementation timeframes. The seven pillars of climate change responses are: 
 
<ul> 
<li>adaptation and disaster risk management</li> 
<li>mitigation and low carbon development strategies</li> 
<li>capacity</li> 
<li>governance framework</li> 
<li>finance and investment</li> 
<li>technology development and transfer, including infrastructure</li> 
<li>communication and advocacy</li> 
</ul> 
The Plan also recommends establishing a National Climate Fund to tackle the impacts of climate change, with need for financing evaluated at more than USD 9.9 billion over the next 5 to 10 years

This document aims to modernise the country's agricultural sector, enable investments and a switch to sustainable production.&nbsp;

This Act establishes the Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory Authority (ZERA). The ZERA regulates the procurement, production, transport, transmission, distribution, importation and exportation of energy derived from any energy source. ZERA is responsible for promotion of renewable energy. &nbsp;The Energy Regulatory Authority Board is also established under this Act, which controls and manages the ZERA. The Act provides requirements, processes and rules related to energy resource licensing. The Energy Regulatory Act amends the Electricity Act of 2002 and the Petroleum Act of 2006.

This Act repeals the former Electricity Act. It establishes the Zimbabwe Electricity Regulatory Commission and details its functions and management rules. The Commission has the objectives to create and promote efficient industry and market structures, maximise access to electricity services, ensure adequate electricity supply, ensure safety, security and reliability of electricity deliveries and provide fair and balanced regulations in the sector. The Commission is expected to coordinate with the Rural Electrification Fund Board, the Zambezi River Authority, consumers of electricity, potential investors in the electricity services and other interested parties whenever appropriate. The Commissions consists of not less than five and no more than seven Commissioners, with three being full-timer. They are appointed by the President after consultation with the Minister of Mines and Energy. 
 
The Zimbabwe Electricity Regulatory Commission provides incentives for the continued improvement of the technical and economic efficiency with which the electricity services are provided. Thought it does not detail the process, the Commission is in charge of formulating and implementing the measures.

This Act outlines provisions for sustainable management of natural resources and protection of the environment. It establishes various environment-related agencies including National Environmental Council, Environmental Management Agency, Environment Management Board, Environment Fund, Environmental Quality Standards and Standards and Enforcement Committee. It specifically refers to greenhouse gas reduction in maintaining the environmental quality standards. 
 
The National Environmental Council consists of the Permanent Secretaries in the Ministries responsible for the matters of areas specified in the Second Schedule, two representatives of universities (appointed by the Minister), two representatives of specialised research institutions (appointed by the Minister), three representatives of the business community (appointed by the Minister), two representatives of local non-governmental organisations active in the environmental field (appointed by the Minister), the Director-General as the secretary to the Council, and other who many be co-opted by the Council with the approval of the Minister. 
 
The functions of the Council are: to advise on policy formulation and give directions on the implementation of this Act; to advise on national goals and objectives and determine policies and priorities for the protection of the environment; to promote co-operation among public departments, local authorities, private sector, non-governmental organisations and such other organisations engaged in environmental protection programmes; to make recommendations to all appropriate persons and authorities regarding the harmonisation of functions related to the environment; to review and recommend to Minister guidelines for environmental management plans and environmental action plans; to review and recommend incentives for the protection of the environment; and to perform other functions as assigned by the Minister under this Act. 
 
The Environmental Management Agency formulates quality standards on air including GHGs. The Agency assists the management of environment by developing a national plan, regulating and monitoring discharge or emission of greenhouse gases and carrying out many other environment-related duties and functions as directed by the Minister. Environmental Management Board consists of nine to 15 members appointed by the Minister after consultation with the President. There should be at least one expert in each of the following areas: environmental planning and management; environmental economics; ecology; pollution; waste management; soil science; hazardous substances; water; and sanitation. One shall be a legal practitioner registered in terms of the Legal Practitioners Act, and another shall be the secretary for the Ministry responsible for the environment. 
 
One of the responsibilities of the Standards and Enforcement Committee is to recommend to the Board guidelines to minimise GHG emissions and identify suitable technologies to minimise them. GHG emissions are seen as a part of air pollution under this Act. 
 
The EMA was introduced in 2002, and it is most commonly referred to as the EMA of 2002 as per 2005 amendment. The original version commenced in 2003, and the third version after second revision commenced in 2006. This Act amended a range of environment and resource related legislation, including the Forest Act of 1949.

This Act sets up the administration for civil protection at state and local level in Zimbabwe, provides with respect to the declaration of a state of disaster and operations in case of disaster and established National Civil Protection Fund. It establishes a Director of Civil Protection who shall, among other things, oversee the establishment of civil protection organizations in civil protection provinces and civil protection areas. It was amended by Act 22 of 2001, with effect from the 10th September, 2002.

Zimbabwe. National Communication (NC). NC 4., National Communication from Zimbabwe in 2022

Zimbabwe's Adaptation Communication, Adaptation Communication from Zimbabwe in 2022

Zimbabwe. Biennial update report (BUR). BUR 1., Biennial Update Report from Zimbabwe in 2021

Zimbabwe First NDC (Updated submission), Nationally Determined Contribution from Zimbabwe in 2021

Zimbabwe First NDC (Archived), Nationally Determined Contribution from Zimbabwe in 2017

National Energy Policy

Approved

This Policy is prepared by the Ministry of Energy and Power Development (MOEPD) to provide a framework for the exploitation, distribution and utilization of energy resources to fulfil the five broad policy principles (also known as five A's):&nbsp;</div><ul><li>&nbsp;to increase the access of all sectors of the economy to affordable energy through the optimal use of available energy resources and diversification supply option (applicability, availability, acceptability and affordability);</li><li>&nbsp;to stimulate sustainable economic growth by promoting competition, efficiency and investment in the sector (applicability and accountability);</li><li>&nbsp;to improve the institutional framework and governance in the energy sector (accountability);</li><li>&nbsp;to promote research and development in the energy sector (applicability);</li><li>&nbsp;to develop the use of other renewable energy sources of energy to complement conventional sources of energy (applicability and acceptability).</li></ul><div>The policy objective is to create and promote a conductive environment for energy sector players to be able to identify ad develop opportunities for energy supply that promote sustainable development. The demand side section of the policy highlights the issues in the context of the five demand sectors: agriculture, industry and mining, commerce and services, transport and households (both urban and rural). Focuses include the efficient use of energy in carrying out economic activities and promoting of fuel-wood substation. The supply side refers to the use of coal, petroleum products, electricity, gas and renewable energy. It calls for the sustainable use of biomass resources (e.g. wood fuel, industrial waste such as bagasse and pulp), hydropower, solar power and wind power. Hydropower is currently contributing to the national grid, and the document identifies its potential contribution to rural power needs. It also promises that the underutilized solar power will be developed, both for solar electricity and solar heat. Policy measures specific to renewable energy includes: to adopt a long-term government-driven, renewable energy technologies (RETs) programme, which encourages IPPS and public-private partnerships to harness sustainable RETs; to institute innovative funding mechanisms and finance opportunities such as Clean Development Mechanisms, feed-in-tariffs and micro-credit institutions for RETs; to institute RETs-sustainable capacity building programmes; to raise awareness about the benefits and opportunities of renewable energy; to encourage local production and the commercialisation of technologies; to strengthen the institutional framework for research and development and the promotion of renewable energy technologies; to promote investment into standalone solar energy systems to cater four rural communities; to promote efficient use of biomass for cooking; to encourage the use of waste biomass for energy purposes; and to develop incentives for investment in renewable energy (such as subsidies and tax concessions).

A minimum ethanol/petrol blend target of 20% by 2015, and a 5% biodiesel blend by 2020

National Energy Policy

Main documents

Targets (1)

Timeline

Note

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