Published in 2020, the National Climate Change Policy replaces the previous 2011 policy, in part to more effectively give effect to Constitutional provisions guaranteeing the right of every citizen to live in a clean and healthy environment. The stated goal of the policy is to "contribute to socio-economic prosperity of the nation by building a climate resilient society." The specfic objectives of the policy include: a) to enhance climate change adaptation capacity b) to build resilience in at risk ecosystems c) to promote a green economy through low carbon development d) to mobilize nation and international climate finance in a just manner e) to conduct research and development and develop a climate information service f) to mainstream climate change into policies, plans and programs at all levels and sectors g) to mainstream gender equality and soical inclusion into climate change mitigation and adaptation programs The policy provides a number of sector specific and inter-sectoral strategies, including strategies on the development of necessary laws, multi-level governance, and capacity building activities.

The National Urban Development Strategy (NUDS) provides a framework to face the urban challenges in the country.<br><br>The NUDS in expected to: 1) enhance the national urban policy vision and facilitate periodic review and appropriate changes; 2) provide strategic directions for the Ministry of Urban Development; 3) define the scope of urbanisation and urban development and to that extent indicate the areas that logically come under the ambit of the Ministry; 4) to inform and facilitate sectoral activities of other agencies of the government, ect.&nbsp;<br><br>The NUDS provides the following objectives: 1) develop and elaborate the medium/long term strategic vision of a desirable national/sub-national urban system based on existing trends and resource potentialities; 2) establish benchmarks and standards for urban infrastructure, urban environment, urban planning and management; 3) identifiy key issues and prioritised initiatives and investment projects, etc.&nbsp;

The Biomass Energy Strategy promotes the biomass energy as reliable, affordable and sustainable energy resource to address the increasing energy demand of Nepal.&nbsp;<br><br>The strategy establishes the following objectives: 1) to contribute to energy supply and energy security by generating energy through management of agriculture forest residues and organic wastes from municipal urban and industrial areas; 2) to support employment and income generation through the entrepreurship development in biomass energy; 3) to reduce the dependency on imported energy through efficient production and use of biomass energy.

The Renewable Energy Policy focuses on scaling up the Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) and achieving the objectices on the UN's 'Sustainable Development Goals' and 'Sustainable Energy for All'.&nbsp;<br><br>The objectives of the policy are to reduce dependence on traditional and imported energy by increasing access to renewable energy for improving the livelihoods of people and create employment opportunities, especially in the rural areas.<br><br>The policy establishes the following strategies: 1) to reduce the initial upfront cost thereby increasing the access to the renewable energy services; 2) to maximise service delivery and efficiency in the use of renewable energy resources and technologies in the rural areas; 3) to support development and growth of the renewable energy market by mobilising commercial credit, attracting private sector and entrepreneurs; 4) to encourage public-private sector participation in the renewable energy technologies, etc.&nbsp;

The Forestry Sector Strategy (FSS) provides a guidance for the long-term development of forestry sector of the country.&nbsp;<br><br>The FSS has identified eight pillars :<br>1) Sustainably managed resources and ecosystem services<br>2) Conducive policy process and operational environment</div><div>3) Responsive and transparent organisations and partnerships</div><div>4) Improved governance and effective service delivery<br>5) Security of resource use by the community&nbsp;</div><div>6) Private sector engagement and economic development<br>7) Gender equality, social inclusion and poverty reduction</div><div>8) Climate change mitigation and resilience<br><br>The vision of the FSS is to ensure a sustainable management of the forest ecosystem, biodiversity and watersheds for the national prosperity.&nbsp;

The Forest act of 1993 provides a framework to ensure an operational management of the forestry sector, ensure the development, the conservation and the proper use of forest products. The act also provides the policies for a cooperation in the conservation and development of private forest by managing the national forest in the form of government managed forest, protected forest, community forect, leasehold forest and religious forest.&nbsp;<br><br>However, the Shrestha v. Office of the Prime Minister et al. case led to the adoption of the Forests Act 12/2019 to enable Nepal to meet its commitments to the Paris Agreement. This document notably states in chapter 13, article 44, on the management of environmental services that the government shall take provisions with regard to climate change adaptation and storage,&nbsp; mitigation of emission, of carbon, the management, use and distribution of dividends.

This law was approved following the Shrestha v. Office of the Prime Minister et al. case mandating Nepal to take legislative action to be able to meet its commitments to the Paris Agreement.<br><br>Chapter 4 set provisions related to climate change. Article 23 mandates the relevant ministry to periodically provide information to local communities about the impacts of climate change. Article 24 charges authorities at national and local levels to adopt adaptation plans. Article 25 mandates the state to identify mitigation-prone sectors and set national targets. Following articles grant the state increased powers with regard to risk management (art. 26), adoption of technological standards (art. 27), and ability to participate in carbon trading (art. 28).<br><br>Article 31 creates the Environment Protection Fund responsible for the protection of environment, prevention and control of pollution, management of climate change and protection of the national heritages.

The Disaster Management Act establishes the policies to ensure an operational organisation to face disasters such as&nbsp; firefighting,flooding, deforestation and destruction of physical infrastructure.<br><br>The act provides the followinf goals: 1) to assess the potential impact of natural disasters, to identify the location of the threat, to map the level of risk and crisis; 2) to transmit or develop a system for early warning systems; 3) to have a common public role in conducting emergency search, rescue and rescue operations; 4) to conduct public awareness activities related to the development of the country, etc.&nbsp;

Nepal's Adaptation communication, National Adaptation Plan from Nepal in 2021

Nepal's Long-term Strategy for Net-zero Emissions, Long-Term Low-Emission Development Strategy from Nepal in 2021

Nepal. National communication (NC). NC 3., National Communication from Nepal in 2021

Nepal Second NDC, Nationally Determined Contribution from Nepal in 2020

Nepal First NDC (Archived), Nationally Determined Contribution from Nepal in 2016

National Urban Development Strategy 2017

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