Introduces measures to expand the production of renewable fuels, reduce US dependence on oil, increase energy security and address climate change. 
 
Sets a mandatory Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) that requires fuel producers to use at least 36bn gallons of biofuel by 2022, and provides incentives for the development of renewable energy technologies (solar, wind, geothermal, ocean, biomass or landfill gas). 
 
Includes provisions on lighting: phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs by 2014, improving lighting efficiency by more than 70% by 2020, setting an energy efficient standard and promoting consumer education and lamp labelling. Also includes provisions for energy efficiency in appliances, buildings (i.e. ensuring that all new federal buildings are carbon neutral by 2030) and transport. Further establishes provisions for funding of research on carbon capture and storage and hydrogen technologies. 
 
Includes the first increase in fuel economy standards in 30 years. Automakers are required to boost fleet-wide fuel economy to 35 miles per gallon (14.8km/l) by 2020. This was superseded by an agreement brokered by the President to settle automakers' court cases against the State of California. The agreement established a standard of 35.5mpg by 2016. 
 
Creates the Renewable Energy Innovation Manufacturing Partnership Programme to support research and development and deployment of renewable energy technologies (solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, energy storage and fuel cell systems). 
 
Requires all lighting in federal buildings to use Energy Star products or products designated under the Federal Energy Management Programme (FEMP) by the end of 2013; requires all Federal agencies to purchase devices that limit standby power use; requires the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to update energy efficiency standards for all public and assisted housing by applying the International Energy Conservation Code.

Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007

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An aim to achieve a quantifiable outcome within a given time-frame, set by an institution such as a national government.

Policy instruments are techniques or tools used by governing authorities to promote certain policies in order to achieve predetermined goals. Put simply, instruments are how a government tries to achieve its goals, with this taxonomy being focused on national policy instruments.

Risk is the potential for adverse consequences resulting from the dynamic interplay between (climate-related) hazards, exposure, and vulnerability of affected human or ecological systems.

Groups  of people who are adversely affected by climate change or the response to it

A set of principles, processes, and practices that build economic and political power to shift from an extractive economy to a regenerative economy.

Justice is the ethical and political framework that addresses fairness, including issues of responsibility, rights, and structural inequity.

Renewable energy means all forms of energy produced from renewable sources in a sustainable manner.

Fossil fuel is a generic term for non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fossil gas, and oil (including crude oil, and petroleum products), that can be used for electricity and heat generation. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons formed from pressurised and heated organic material buried over millions of years.

Molecules in the atmosphere that play a key role in the greenhouse effect by trapping heat radiating from Earth’s surface.

Area of the economy in which actors engage in identical or related activities.

In human systems, the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate change and its effects, in order to moderate harm, increase resilience or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, the process of adjustment to actual climate change and its effects; human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate change and its effects.

The management and allocation of funds, assets and investments to meet various objectives