The National Climate Agreement builds on the Energy Accord, but rather than focusing solely on energy policy, it addresses all greenhouse gas emissions. In 2023 the emission reduction targets of the National Climate Agreement were further hardened through the Coalition Agreement 2021-2025. In order to achieve these targets, additional measures were introduced in “Sharp targets, sharp choices”, a report one national climate policy for 2030 and 2050, which included the following commitments:
The 2019 agreement set out a strategy to achieve 49% reduction of CO2 emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, and 95% by 2050. The new and hardened target of the National Climate Agreement contains a net zero pledge. The goal is to be climate-neutral by 2050 at the latest, and achieve a 55% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. In order to achieve the ambition for 2030 the target for policy is focused on reducing CO2 emissions by 60% in 2030. To meet this end, the government also presented an additional climate package on the 26th of April, 2023. This includes a €35 billion climate and transition fund for the next 10 years.
Overall, the National Climate Agreement came as a response to the Urgenda case and in parallel to the Climate Act. It details agreements made with the following sectors: electricity, industry, built environment, traffic and transport, and agriculture. The Agreement also introduces a carbon tax, applicable to industry and levied against emissions that exceed the EU ETS Benchmarks (after the deduction of a predefined reduction path). The tax applies to all installations in the EU ETS, as well as waste incinerators and large emitters of non-CO2 GhGs, such as N2). The CO2 tax levy will start at €30/t CO2 in 2021 and will increase each year by €10.56, up to a rate of €125/t CO2 in 2030. The annual additional costs associated with the Climate Agreement are estimated to be less than 0.5% of GDP in 2030.
The National Climate Agreement contains commitments with five sectors on the measures they will take over the next 10 years and beyond to meet climate targets. The following targets are decided upon per sector:
<ul>
<li>Electricity: in 2030 the Netherlands want 70% of all electricity to come from wind turbines on sea and land, and solar panels on roofs and solar parks. By 2050 the Netherlands wants to be completely free from fossil fuels, like coal and gas</li>
<li>Industry: by 2050 the industry is circular, and “emits virtually no more greenhouse gases”</li>
<li>Mobility: by 2050 Dutch traffic and all transport will no longer emit harmful exhaust gases and CO2</li>
<li>The built environment: by 2050, 7 million homes and 1 million buildings need to be off natural gas</li>
<li>Agriculture and land-use: by 2050, agriculture and land-use will be climate neutral</li>
</ul>

National Climate Agreement (Klimaatakkoord)

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Translated webpage with information on the National Climate Agreement

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An aim to achieve a quantifiable outcome within a given time-frame, set by an institution such as a national government.

Policy instruments are techniques or tools used by governing authorities to promote certain policies in order to achieve predetermined goals. Put simply, instruments are how a government tries to achieve its goals, with this taxonomy being focused on national policy instruments.

Risk is the potential for adverse consequences resulting from the dynamic interplay between (climate-related) hazards, exposure, and vulnerability of affected human or ecological systems.

Groups  of people who are adversely affected by climate change or the response to it

A set of principles, processes, and practices that build economic and political power to shift from an extractive economy to a regenerative economy.

Justice is the ethical and political framework that addresses fairness, including issues of responsibility, rights, and structural inequity.

Renewable energy means all forms of energy produced from renewable sources in a sustainable manner.

Fossil fuel is a generic term for non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fossil gas, and oil (including crude oil, and petroleum products), that can be used for electricity and heat generation. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons formed from pressurised and heated organic material buried over millions of years.

Molecules in the atmosphere that play a key role in the greenhouse effect by trapping heat radiating from Earth’s surface.

Area of the economy in which actors engage in identical or related activities.

In human systems, the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate change and its effects, in order to moderate harm, increase resilience or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, the process of adjustment to actual climate change and its effects; human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate change and its effects.

The management and allocation of funds, assets and investments to meet various objectives

Procedural justice means ensuring that decision making is safe, transparent and inclusive, emphasizing the agency and influence of vulnerable groups and those most impacted.

Translated webpage with information on the National Climate Agreement

Climate justice