This sector provides communication services, software development, and IT solutions.

This sector creates and distributes information and entertainment through television, radio, print, and digital platforms.

Codes and standards are regulatory instruments that specify minimum standards to protect health and safety. This ranges from performance standards, which prescribe outcomes while allowing flexibility to achieve compliance, to the more prescriptive approach of technology-specific standards.

Production of electricity and heat from solar irradiation.

Financial actors and resources that are primarily directed towards climate change mitigation, adaptation and compensation.

A potent, short-lived greehouse gas, largely released from livestock, fossil fuel extraction and waste management.

Using laws and the legal system more broadly to protect vulnerable entities

Risks to the ecosystem health of the marine environment, including ocean warming, ocean acidification, and ocean deoxygenation, harming biodiversity, species health, ecosystem services, and coastal community livelihoods.

Financial support to help individuals manage the effects of unexpected events, securing their livelihoods and increasing the resilience of people and businesses to the changing climate. It’s especially vital in developing regions where everyday risks, climate-related weather extremes, or crop failures can push people into poverty. Without insurance, people may have to resort to selling assets or cutting consumption to cope with losses.

Coal is a combustible sedimentary rock formed from carbonised plant matter, rich in carbon and hydrocarbons, and occurring in several main types including hard coal and brown coal.

Electrical energy generated from mechanical devices driven by flowing fresh water.

Geohazards are adverse geological phenomenon's that are capable of causing widespread damage or loss to property, life and the environment, such as earthquakes, volcano eruptions and tsunamis. Climate change can increase the frequency and severity of some geohazards, such as landslides, and soil erosion.

A subsidy is a direct or indirect payment to individuals or businesses, typically provided as a government cash payment or a specific tax reduction.

Aligning the skills of the workforce with the requirements of the just transition

Terrestrial means "of the earth" and relates to the risks to ecological system that includes all living organisms and their interactions within land-based environments, such as forests, grasslands, and deserts.

Fossil gas, commonly known as natural gas, is a fossil fuel consisting chiefly of methane with smaller amounts of other hydrocarbons and trace gases, found in underground deposits.

People with different national or cultural traditions from the dominant population

Slow onset events evolve gradually from incremental changes over many years or from increased frequency or intensity of recurring events. As defined in the Cancun Adaptation Framework (2010), slow onset events include risks and impacts from rising temperatures, desertification, biodiversity loss, land and forest degradation, glacial retreat, ocean acidification, sea level rise, and salinization.

People whose sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression differs from the majority or societal norms

Removing subsidies can help reduce costs, better align economic incentives with environmental goals, and promote equity. This can mitigate environmental harm and discourage harmful behaviour. However, it may also end support for renewable energy development or negatively impact communities, households, and businesses.

This sector involves the wholesale and retail selling of goods.

A commitment to balance GHG emissions with removal by a certain point in time, effectively reducing the net emissions to zero

Energy derived from biological compounds that are renewable due to their short life cycle within the carbon dioxide cycle.

An agency providing government-backed financing, guarantees, and insurance to support domestic companies' international exports, that can play a role in financing climate-related projects.

Social inclusion is the process of improving the terms on which individuals and groups take part in society—improving the ability, opportunity, and dignity of those disadvantaged on the basis of their identity.

Climate change impacts our society by disrupting the natural, economic and social systems we depend on. Physical hazards and underlying vulnerabilities can lead to increased resource competition for food and water, which can heighten the risk of conflict.

A loan is a policy instrument where funds are provided to a borrower with the expectation of repaying the principal plus interest.

Activities that provide lodging, food, and entertainment services to guests, including hotels, restaurants, and resorts.

Activities of businesses and institutions that provide financial services and products to individuals and organisations.

The cryosphere is the frozen part of the Earth—it includes sea ice, glaciers, snow, and ice sheets. It helps regulate the climate and weather by reflecting sunlight. Rising temperatures are causing melting, leading to sea ice loss, glacier collapse, and glacier landslides and avalanches. This threatens the livelihoods of around 700 million people who rely on the cryosphere for food, water security, and cultural practices.

Dedicated pool of financial resources for climate-related projects.

A financial institution that manages a country's currency and can promote climate-related initiatives through green monetary policy and other means.

A long-lived, colourless gas, chiefly emitted from fossil fuel combustion, deforestation and cement production.

woman and genders outside of the gender binary

People whose health, both mental and physical, makes them more vulnerable to the effects of climate change

People who are less able to respond to the effects of climate change due to having limited financial or physical assets

A tax advantage is an economic benefit applied to certain accounts or investments that are, by law, tax-reduced, tax-deferred, or tax-free. This can apply to investments in areas such as green energy projects or the agricultural sector, where tax advantages can help manage financial risks.

A company that is owned wholly or partially by the state, typically operating in key sectors.

Jobs that contribute to preserving or restoring the environment, both in traditional sectors (manufacturing and construction) or in new emerging ‘green’ sectors, such as renewable energy and energy efficiency

Any substance with chemical properties that can cause physical harm to people or damage the environment, including ammonia, carbon monoxide, phosphine, chlorine, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, pesticides, dioxins, microplastics, benzene, asbestos, aflatoxins, fluoride, methanol, and toxins from marine sources.

Activities of industries that extract natural resources, such as mining, oil, and gas, for commercial use.

Activities that relate to the production of goods and services from forests.

Electricity generation from devices driven by the movement of salt water, differences in saltwater temperatures, or salinity gradients.

Any compulsory, unrequited payment to the government levied on corporations or individuals. This can be for environmental reasons, such as introducing a Carbon tax to set a price that emitters must pay for the greenhouse gases they emit.

People who have left their homes, whether through force, voluntarily, or a mixture of both

The activities of industries involved in the production, distribution, and sale of energy, including electricity, gas, and renewables.

This sector involves managing waste treatment, sanitation, pollution control and environmental cleanup.

Heat extracted from the ground, usually in the form of hot water or steam and typically referred to as hydrothermal fluid.

Social protection systems consist of policies that help people manage social risks in order to prevent poverty and maintain decent incomes and living standards

Funding provided to help pay for the economic harm from climate change that cannot be completely prevented by adaptation measures.

Social and cultural groups that share collective ancestral ties to the lands and natural resources where they live, occupy or from which they have been displaced

The processes through which enterprises can identify, prevent, mitigate and account for how they address their actual and potential adverse impacts. Due diligence is the idea that reasonable precautions should be taken to avoid causing harm to people, the environment, or society. It also involves identifying and mitigating risks before they occur.

A financial entity operated or controlled by the state, often with a mandate for social or economic development.

Kinetic energy of airflow transformed into useful energy, mostly electrical energy.

This sector involves the distribution, treatment, and conservation of water resources.

Tradable permits are market-based tools that grant permission for specific activities, frequently used to regulate emissions. These permits can be issued within a trading system to manage environmental impacts.

Compulsory, required payments to the government that are levied more-or-less in proportion to the services provided. Fees and charges range from entrance fees to national parks, charges on land-based sewage discharge.

Air pollution involves harmful contaminants in the air, affecting both indoor and outdoor environments. It can lead to health issues like respiratory diseases and heart problems, and climate impacts such as global warming. Pollutants can damage plants, trees, habitats, and water bodies like rivers and lakes.

work that is productive and delivers a fair income, security in the workplace and social protection for all, better prospects for personal development and social integration, freedom for people to express their concerns, organize and participate in the decisions that affect their lives and equality of opportunity

This sector involves activities that impart knowledge and skills to individuals, including formal schooling, vocational training and educational support.

Cliff stabilisation is a form of soft engineering, using natural processes to protect the shoreline against flooding and erosion. Stabilisation techniques are used to limit the amount of erosion and the potential for landslides,collapse and falling rocks.

Climate change can have a range of impacts on technological system. Extreme weather events can cause infrastructure failures like power outages or damage to roads and bridges, as well as the impacts from waste following natural disasters. Human activities also cause technological impacts, such as the risks posed by oil spillage and leaks.

Oil is a combustible liquid fossil fuel composed mainly of hydrocarbons, occurring as crude oil and refined into petroleum products such as petrol, diesel and kerosene.

A ban is a legal action that prevents the sale or supply of a product or service, or that recalls a product from the market. Examples are bans on SF6, greenwashing, fossil fuel advertisement or single-use plastics.

An integrated system of hazard monitoring, forecasting and prediction, that enables individuals, communities, governments, businesses and others to take timely action to reduce disaster risks in advance of hazardous events.

Zoning and spatial planning are both methods for guiding the distribution of people and activities in a space, and are regulatory restriction.

Finance that is primarily directed towards climate change mitigation, including greenhouse gas emissions reduction and enhancing the sinks of greenhouse gases.

Households employing domestic workers, for activities like cooking, cleaning and subsistence farming, for their own use.

Activities involving the catching, processing, and selling of fish for food, recreation, and industry.

Activities that involve the cultivation of crops and raising of livestock for food, fibre, and other products essential for human life and industry.

A target to reduce the prevalence of a greenhouse gas over a specific time frame

Activities of government agencies and institutions that provide public services, enforce laws and manage public resources.

This sector involves activities to move goods and people, alongside the storage of products.

A policy instrument designed to support the development and acceleration of renewable energy sources by providing a guaranteed, above-market price for producers.

This sector provides medical services, manufactures medical equipment, and develops pharmaceuticals to maintain and improve health.

Molecules in the atmosphere that play a key role in the greenhouse effect by trapping heat radiating from Earth’s surface.

Activities that involve planning, designing and building infrastructure, residential, and commercial structures.

Finance that is primarily directed towards climate change adaptation, including increasing resilience and robustness to actual or expected climate change and its effects.

The activities of industries that transforms raw materials into finished goods through industrial processes.

Extreme weather refers to events where a weather variable exceeds (or falls below) a threshold. Meaning it is significantly different from the average or usual weather pattern.

An aim to achieve a quantifiable outcome within a given time-frame, set by an institution such as a national government.

Direct investments by the governments using public funds. This can be to support climate initiatives or integrate climate into other projects.

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