In October 2021, the Central Bank of Kenya issued this guidance under section 33(4) of the Banking Act, which empowers the Central Bank of Kenya to guide institutions in order to maintain a stable and efficient banking and financial system.<br><br>The guidance recognises that climate change poses a substantial risk and can pose an opportunity for the financial sector and requires banks to:<br>a)&nbsp; embed the consideration of the financial risks from climate change in their governance arrangements.<br>b)&nbsp; incorporate the financial risks from climate change into their existing financial risk management practice.<br>c)&nbsp; develop an approach to disclosure on the financial risks from climate change.<br><br></div><div><br>

Kenya's National Wildlife Strategy 2030 is based on four pillars:
<ol>
<li>Resilient Ecosystems</li>
<li>Engagement by all Kenyans</li>
<li>Evidence based Decision Making</li>
<li>Sustainability and Governance</li>
</ol>
It recognises that climate change places Kenya's wildlife at risk, but also that ecosystem conservation and management can contribute to greater climate resilience by serving as a form of adaptation. It specifically calls for the creation of a National Wildlife Adaptation Strategy, which would determine complementarities between wildlife conservation and climate change adaptation.





This plan aims to strengthen the country's path towards sustainable, climate-resilient development while achieving low carbon climate resilient development. It builds on the previous Action Plan spanning the period 2013-2017. The NCCAP consists in three documents, including an Adaptation Technical Analysis Report (volume II), and a Mitigation Technical Analysis Report (volume III).

The Plan seeks in particular to: 1) reduce risks to communities and infrastructure resulting from climate-related disasters such as droughts and floods, 2) Increase food and nutrition security through enhanced productivity and resilience of the agricultural sector in as low- carbon manner as possible, 3) Enhance resilience of the Blue Economy and water sector by ensuring access to and efficient use of water for agriculture, manufacturing, domestic, wildlife and other uses, 4) Increase forest cover to 10% of total land area; rehabilitate degraded lands, including rangelands; increase resilience of the wildlife and tourism sector, 5) Mainstream climate change adaptation into the health sector; and increase the resilience of human settlements, including improved solid waste management in urban areas, 6) Improve energy and resource efficiency in the manufacturing sector, and 7) Climate-proof energy and transport infrastructure; encourage electricity supply based on renewable energy; encourage the transition to clean cooking; and develop sustainable transport systems.







The broad objective of the Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy 2017-2026 (KCSAS) is to adapt to climate change, build the resilience of agricultural systems, and minimize emissions for enhanced food and nutritional security and improved livelihoods. The specific objectives of the KCSAS are to (i) enhance the adaptive capacity and resilience of farmers, pastoralists, and fisher-folk to the adverse impacts of climate change; (ii) develop mechanisms that minimize greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural production systems; (iii) create an enabling regulatory and institutional framework; and (iv) address cross-cutting issues that adversely impact climate smart agriculture.

Four broad strategic areas have been identified for KCSAS: (i) Adaptation and building resilience by addressing vulnerability to changes in rainfall and temperature, extreme weather events, and unsustainable land/water management and utilization; (ii) Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from key and minor sources in the agriculture sector; (iii) Establishment of an enabling policy, legal, and institutional framework for effective implementation of climate smart agriculture; and (iv) Minimizing the effects of underlying cross-cutting issues, such as human resource capacity and finance, which would potentially constrain the realization of climate smart agriculture objectives.

This policy accomplishes several goals. First, it describes the current legal and policy framework for climate financing that is relevant for Kenya, focusing on both domestic and international sources.

Second, it outlines the role that climate financing could play in each of Kenya's most important economic sectors (agriculture, forestry, energy, transport, trade, tourism, manufacturing, water and sanitation, disaster risk management, and research and innovation).

Third, it describes the policy interventions the Kenyan government intends to make with respect to climate financing, including to establish a national Climate Change Fund, identify climate financing sources and create a national system for tracking them, enhancing Kenya's carbon trading system, and exploring the possibility of green bonds.

This Act provides a framework for promoting climate resilient low carbon economic development. It aims to (Art 3-2):<br><br></div><ol><li>'mainstream climate change responses into development planning, decision making and implementation;</li><li>build resilience and enhance adaptive capacity to the impacts of climate change;</li><li>formulate programmes and plans to enhance the resilience and adaptive capacity of human and ecological systems to the impacts of climate change;</li><li>mainstream and reinforce climate change disaster risk reduction in strategies and actions of public and private entities;</li><li>mainstream intergenerational and gender equity in all aspects of climate change responses;</li><li>provide incentives and obligations for private sector contributions to achieving low carbon climate resilient development;</li><li>promote low carbon technologies to improve efficiency and reduce emissions intensity by facilitating approaches and uptake of technologies that support low carbon, and climate resilient development;</li><li>facilitate capacity development for public participation in climate change responses through awareness creation, consultation, representation and access to information;</li><li>mobilize and transparently manage public and other financial resources for climate change response;</li><li>provide mechanisms for, and facilitate climate change research and development, training and capacity building;</li><li>mainstream the principle of sustainable development into the planning for and decision making on climate change response; and</li><li>integrate climate change into the exercise of power and functions of all levels of governance, and to enhance cooperative climate change governance between national government and county governments'.</li></ol><div><br><br></div><div><br>&nbsp;The Act establishes a National Climate Change Council, chaired by the President, with Deputy President as vice-chair, that provides an overarching national climate change coordination mechanism. It also establishes the Climate Change Directorate - Secretariat to the Council and the lead agency of the government on national climate change plans and actions.<br>&nbsp;The prerogatives of the National Climate Change Council include (Art 6):</div><div><br></div><ol><li>ensure the mainstreaming of the climate change function by the national and county governments;</li><li>approve and oversee implementation of the National Climate Change Action Plan</li><li>advise the national and county governments on legislative, policy and other measures necessary for climate change response and attaining low carbon climate change resilient development;</li><li>approve a national gender and intergenerational responsive public education awareness strategy and implementation programme;</li><li>provide policy direction on research and training on climate change including on the collation and dissemination of information relating to climate change to the national and county governments, the public and other stakeholders;</li><li>provide guidance on review, amendment and harmonization of sectoral laws and policies in order to achieve the objectives of the Act;</li><li>administer the Climate Change Fund;</li><li>set the targets for the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions'.</li></ol><div><br><br></div><div><br>&nbsp;The Act allows the Council to impose climate change obligations on private entities (Art 16), and stipulates investigation, monitoring and enforcement powers.<br>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;The Act also mandates the Cabinet Secretary to formulate a National Climate Change Action Plan, to be then updated every five years, with implementation review conducted every two years.<br>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;The Act allows Citizens to apply to the Environment and Land Court "alleging that a person has acted in a manner that has or is likely to adversely affect efforts towards mitigation and adaptation to the effects of climate change" and the court may order a discontinuance or prevention of these actions, and may "provide compensation to a victim of a violation relating to climate change duties." It is stipulated that no proof of loss or injury by the applicant is necessary (Art 23).<br>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;The Act also empowers the National Climate Change Council to assign duties relating to climate change and implementation of the Climate Change Action Plan to both public and private entities (Part IV). It also establishes the Climate Change Fund as the financing mechanism for priority climate change actions and interventions approved by the council. The Fund revenue should come from (Art 25):<br><br></div><ol><li>'monies appropriated from the Consolidated Fund by an Act of Parliament;</li><li>monies received byt eh Fund in the form of donations, endowments, grants and gifts; and</li><li>monies under and Act payable to the Fund'.</li></ol><div><br><br></div><div><br>&nbsp;http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/ClimateChangeActNo11of2016.pdf<br>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;http://cdkn.org/2016/06/feature-kenya-spearheading-low-emissions-development-africa/?loclang=en_gb

This law establishes the National Drought Management Authority, which is responsible for:
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Overseeing Kenya's drought management policies and programs</li>
<li>Coordinating the government's drought response and climate change initiatives</li>
<li>Promoting the integration of drought response into development programs and projects</li>
<li>Developing a drought early warning system</li>
<li>Creating contingency plans</li>
<li>Establishing and reviewing preparedness strategies</li>
<li>Designing and implementing drought and climate resilience projects</li>
<li>Publishing drought management guidelines</li>
<li>Conducting research on drought management and climate change</li>
<li>Advising and giving technical support to drought management institutions</li>
<li>Coordinating with national government bodies when a drought requires a disaster declaration</li>
<li>Designing and implementing the country's drought management commitments</li>
<li>Publishing an annual report on drought management in Kenya</li>
</ul>
This law also establishes a National Drought Emergency Fund, whose monies are appropriated by the national legislature, to finance the National Drought Management Authority's activities.

This law provides for environmental protection in Kenya.&nbsp;<br><br>Article 49 promotes the use of renewable energy and the planting of trees. Article 57 grants the relevant ministry the possibility to allow fiscal incentives under the form of tax rebates for private entities "that invest in plants, equipment and machinery for pollution control, re-cycling of wastes, water harvesting and conservation, prevention of floods and for using other energy resources as substitutes for hydrocarbons".&nbsp;<br><br>Article 50 sets the legal framework to ensure the conservation of biological diversity, and charges the relevant agency to "measure the value of unexploited natural resources in terms of watershed protection, influences on climate, cultural and aesthetic value, as well as actual and potential genetic value thereof." The document also contains a number of dispositions to protect forests.&nbsp;<br><br>The 2015 law amends section 56.A and charges the cabinet secretary to prescribe measures on climate change.

This law establishes Kenya's Environment and Land Court, which has jurisdiction over all matters related to environmental planning and protection, climate issues, land use planning, title, tenure, boundaries, rates, rents, valuations, mining, minerals and other natural resources, compulsory acquisition of land, land administration and management, public, private and community land and contracts, choses in action or other instruments granting any enforceable interests in land, and any other dispute relating to environment and land.

Encompassing several laws related to energy, the Act has a very broad scope, covering all forms of energy, from fossil fuels to renewables. The Act mandates the government to promote the development and use of renewable energy, including biodiesel, bioethanol, biomass, solar, wind, hydro-power, biogas, charcoal, fuel-wood, tidal, wave, municipal waste, among others.

The Act elaborates the responsibilities of the Ministry of Energy for renewables, which include the development of a national strategy of research in this field and creation of an Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC), to be in charge the production, distribution, supply and use of renewable energy.

The Energy Management regulations of 2012 establishes that a commission shall carry out energy consumption rating for all facilities, mandates owner occupier of large facilities to appoint an energy officer and develop an energy management policy that outlines measures of efficiency and conservation, mandates submission of energy audit reports, develop an energy investment plan and demonstrate its implementation in a phased manner.

The Energy (Solar Water Heating) Regulations 2012 were made under section 110 of the Energy Act, 2006. They require all premises with hot water requirements exceeding 100 litres/day to install and use solar heating systems. Violation of the provisions can result in fines (up to 1 million shillings) or imprisonment (up to 1 year) or both. All premises are also required to have a minimum annual solar contribution of sixty per cent to the premises' hot water demand. The Regulations also specify who is responsible for compliance with these requirements and provide rules and standards for the installation of solar heating systems.

Kenya. National Communication (NC). NC 2., National Communication from Kenya in 2015

Kenya First NDC (Updated submission), Nationally Determined Contribution,Adaptation Communication from Kenya in 2020

Kenya First NDC (Archived), Nationally Determined Contribution from Kenya in 2016

Central Bank of Kenya - Guidance on Climate-Related Risk Management

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