PRODESEN sets out the annual plan of the national electricity system for the next fifteen years. It also specifies the national energy policy in the context of electricity, and in accordance with the <a href="https://climate-laws.org/geographies/mexico/policies/national-development-plan-2019-2024">National Development Plan 2019-2024</a>.&nbsp; PRODESEN consists of nine Chapters and two Annexes:</div><ol><li>Overview;</li><li>Legal framework;</li><li>Energy transition in Mexico (including a section on how climate change requires a transformation of the energy system);</li><li>Planning criteria for the incorporation of power plants into the national electricity system;</li><li>Infrastructure of the national electricity system</li><li>Demand and consumption 2022-2036 (including different prognoses for this period of time)</li><li>Indicative Programme for the Installation and Removal of Power Plants (PIIRCE);</li><li>Expansion and Modernisation Programmes of the RNT and of the Elements 149 of the RGD that correspond to MEM; and</li><li>Programme for the Expansion and Modernisation of General Distribution Networks Not Corresponding to the Wholesale Electricity Market.</li></ol><div> Annex 1 concerns the infrastructure of the national electricity system. Annex 2 provides a progress report on clean energies.&nbsp; In the PIIRCE planning scenario for 2022 - 2025, 16,568 MW of added capacity is planned for with 55% of clean energy. For the period of 2026 - 2036, PIIRCE plans an added capacity of 39,510 MW (including the DG capacity based on solar PV of 6,679 MV) with a share of 83.4% of clean energies.&nbsp; It also sets the goal of generating electricity with 35% clean energy by 2024.&nbsp;

This document was identified in the country's revised NDC, but the full text is not available.

The agreement that creates the Institutional Program of the National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change 2020-2024 states that it will be mandatory for all administrative units of said parastatal entity, within the scope of their respective competencies, and will be reviewed annually to introduce the modifications that circumstances impose on it.

This Program is derived from the <a href="https://lopezobrador.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/PLAN-NACIONAL-DE-DESARROLLO-2019-2024.pdf">National Development Plan 2019-2024</a>. It is a planning document aiming firstly aiming at reaching energy security and national sovereignty.&nbsp; Goal 1 of the program is to achieve and maintain sustainable energy self-sufficiency to satisfy the energy demand of the population with national production. Goal 3 is to organise the scientific, technological and industrial capacities that are necessary for Mexico's energy transition throughout the 21st century. Goal 4 is to raise the level of efficiency and&nbsp;sustainability in the production and use of energy in the national territory.

This document contains the objectives, strategies and specific actions that will guide the efforts of the Secretariat for the Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) and its sector organisations during the current administration. One of its objectives is to strengthen climate action in order to move towards a low-carbon economy and a resilient population, ecosystems, production systems and strategic infrastructure, with the support of available scientific, traditional and technological knowledge.

This law replaces the <a href="http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/general-law-for-sustainable-forest-development/">2003 general law for sustainable forest development</a>. Specific objectives of this law (stated at art. 3) include: 1) the promotion of sustainable forest management in order to help maintain and increase carbon stocks, reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as reduce vulnerability and strengthen resilience and adaptation to climate change, and 2) the design of strategies, policies, measures and actions to transit at a zero percent carbon loss rate in the original ecosystems, in terms of the General Law on Climate Change and the National Climate Change Strategy, for incorporation into the instruments of forest policy planning, taking into consideration the sustainable economic development of forest regions and community forest management. Art. 10 states that the federal state has the prerogative of designing strategies, policies, measures and actions to avoid loss and increase carbon stocks in forest ecosystems, taking into account sustainable rural development. Art. 32 states that the contribution to carbon fixation is one of the mandatory criteria for forestry policy of an environmental and forestry nature. The 2018 texts also modifies the definition of forestry land into federal law, narrowed down to land covered in forest vegetation on which forestry services are undertaken. This has implications on licensing procedures, fines and land use planning. On April 13th, 2020, this Law was amended to expand what "forest land" means. As a result, this category now comprises any area covered by forests, a definition following international classification. On December 9th, 2020, the Regulation of the General Law of Sustainable Forest Development was approved by the government, replacing the 2005 version.&nbsp;

This laws the framework document for environmental protection in Mexico. It was amended in 2016, 2017 and 2018 to include climate change issues, alongside the establishment of new rules and fines. Art. 2.V) states that the formulation and execution of mitigation actions and adaptation to climate change is of public interest. Art. 15.IV) states that whoever carries out works or activities that affect or may affect the environment, is obliged to prevent, minimise or repair the damage caused, as well as to assume the costs that said affectation implies. Likewise, those who protect the environment should be encouraged, promote or carry out mitigation and adaptation actions to the effects of climate change and make sustainable use of natural resources. Art. 23.X) statess that local authorities, in the sphere of their competence, shall avoid human settlements in areas where the populations are exposed to the risk of disasters due to adverse impacts of the climate change. Art. 39 states that the competent authorities will promote the incorporation of ecological contents, sustainable development, mitigation, adaptation and reduction of vulnerability to climate change, protection of the environment, knowledge, values and competences, in the various educational cycles, especially at the basic level, as well as in the cultural formation of children and youth. Art. 41 charges the government to take adaptation actions.

The Energy Transition Act's purpose is to promote sustainable and efficient use of energy, regulate the obligations of power companies related to the mandatory share of clean energies (including natural gas, and CCS with emissions not exceeding 100 kg/MWh), and push for the reduction of the polluting emissions of the electric power industry while ensuring competitiveness of the clean power sector within the new wholesale electricity market. 
According to the law, the Secretariat of Energy (SENER) should promote generation of clean power to reach the levels set forth in the Climate Change Act for the electric power industry, including: a minimum share of clean energies in power generation of 25 % by 2018, 30 % by 2021, 35 % by 2024. 
SENER is also responsible for establishing obligations for mandatory acquisition of clean energy certificates that the suppliers and qualified users participating in the wholesale power market and the holders of interconnection agreements must comply with on an annual basis. The issuance of clean energy certificates (CECs) is expected to begin from 2018 and will serve both as a green incentive and a regulatory mechanism to meet the country's clean energy goals. A transitory provision, valid for four years, allows companies to defer 50 % of their CEC acquisition obligation for two years under specific conditions. 
The law also establishes the National Commission for Efficient Use of Energy (CONUEE), tasked with promoting energy efficiency, providing scientific advice in matters of clean energy, and drafting the Energy Strategy that sets medium and long term goals (15 and 30 years horizon respectively) as well as the National Programme for Sustainable Use of Energy (PRONASE - Chapter V of the Energy Transition Act), the two main implementation tools of the law. 
The law further establishes a Smart Grid Programme to promote grid modernization to maintain a reliable and secure infrastructure to meet electricity demand in an economically efficient and sustainable manner. 
The Act also stipulates that costs previously externalised (including health and environmental impacts) are now to be included in evaluation of costs associated with operation and expansion of the Electricity Industry. 
 
 
 
 
The Act abrogates the Law for the Use of Renewable Energies and the Financing of the Energy Transition (LAERFTE 2008), the Law for the Sustainable Use of Energy (LASE 2008) and any related legal provisions opposing this new Act. The funds from the Energy Transition Fund established by LAERFTE are to be transferred to the Federal Budget and redirected as new funds for energy transition and sustainable energy use. 
The 2017 <a href="http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5481526&fecha=04%2F05%2F2017">Regulations under the Energy Transition Act</a> were passed to regulate the mechanisms and procedures for the implementation of the law in the areas of sustainable use of energy, clean energy and reduction of emissions from the electricity sector. 
The National Commission for the Efficient Use of Energy published an <a href="https://connect.bdlaw.com/11/264/uploads---december-2017-issue/mexico-updated-catalog-of-energy-consuming-equipment1.pdf">updated catalog</a> listing equipment and devices on which manufacturers, importers, distributors, and sellers must provide energy consumption information, as well as the forms in which such information must be presented.

&nbsp; &nbsp;The 2014 amendment of the 1976 Organic Law of the Federal Public Administration deals with energy policy in article 33 (p.26). The article states that the Secretary for Energy is responsible for establishing, conducting and coordinating the country's energy policy. The Secretary must give priority to energy security and diversification, as well as to energy conservation and environmental protection. Title V specifies the Secretary's mission to carry out medium and long-term energy planning, an activity that should consider the criteria of sovereignty and energy security, progressive reduction of environmental impacts of production and consumption of energy, greater participation of renewable energies, the saving of energy and the greater efficiency of its production and use.

The present decree approves the Electricity Industry Law (LIE) and the Geothermal Energy Law.

The LIE regulates part of the changes arising from the Constitutional Reform in energy matters of 2013. It modifies the regime of the electricity sector to move to a new model based on the free competition in the activities of generation and commercialisation. The State retains the functions of planning, regulation, control, transmission and distribution. Article 6 establishes the Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE) as the entity in charge of regulation and surveillance, and article 107 establishes the National Center for Energy Control (CENACE) as the operational control of the National Electric System (SEN).
Clean Energy Certificates (CEL) are set as an instrument to promote new investments in clean energies as well as the national goals of clean generation of electricity. Art 121 and 126 are related to the CELs.

The Law of Geothermal Energy regulates the exploration and exploitation of geothermal resources for the use of the thermal energy of the subsoil. Rules are established for the registration and recognition of exploration permits, as well as exploitation concessions.

This Decree is implemented by the Regulation of the Electricity Industry Law, the Guidelines establishing the criteria for the granting of Clean Energy Certificates and the requirements for their acquisition, and the Regulation of the Geothermal Energy Law

Mexico: Updated NDC 2022, Nationally Determined Contribution from Mexico in 2022

Mexico. Biennial update report (BUR) BUR 3., National Communication,Biennial Update Report from Mexico in 2022

Mexico. National Inventory Report (NIR)., National Inventory Report from Mexico in 2022

Mexico's Adaptation Communication, Adaptation Communication from Mexico in 2022

Mexico First NDC (Updated submission), Nationally Determined Contribution from Mexico in 2020

General Law on Climate Change

Decree Amending the General Law on Climate Change

General Law on Climate Change (Amended)

General Law on Climate Change (2022 Amended Text)

Law passed

Last amendment

<div>The approval of the GLCC gives certainty and continuity to climate policy in Mexico and sets the country on a path to a low carbon economy. It establishes the basis for the creation of institutions, legal frameworks and financing to move towards a low carbon economy. As a General Law, it specifies the different responsibilities of the Federation, Mexico's pledge under the Copenhagen Accord, in terms of committing the country to an emissions reduction target of 30% below Business As Usual (BAU) by 2020, subject to the availability of financial resources and technology transfer, as well as 50% GHG emissions reduction by 2050 compared to 2000.&nbsp; The Law transforms the National Institute of Ecology into the National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC). The INECC will be responsible for compiling the National Emissions Inventory, will collaborate in the development of strategies, plans, programmes, instruments and actions related to sustainable development, the environment and climate change, and will help in the evaluation of national climate change policy. Through the Law, the Inter-ministerial Commission on Climate Change (IMCC), initially created by presidential agreement in 2005, is now formally the institution in charge of co-ordinating climate change government actions and formulating and implementing national adaptation and mitigation policies. The GLCC also establishes the National Climate Change System, formed by the IMCC, the INECC, state and municipal governments and representatives of Congress. Its main responsibility will be to co-ordinate the efforts of the Federal Government, states and municipalities.&nbsp; Taking into account Mexico's vulnerability to climate impacts, the Law puts a strong emphasis on adaptation measures. The objective is to reduce social and ecosystem vulnerability by strengthening the resilience of natural and human systems to reduce damage and risk. One of the tools to achieve this is the 'Risk Atlas' which includes information about current and future vulnerability scenarios. The GLCC states that the national mitigation policy should include diagnosis, planning, measurement, reporting, verification and assessment of national GHG emissions. The national mitigation strategy will be implemented gradually; initially promoting the strengthening of national capacities and subsequently beginning mitigation activities in the most cost-effective sectors - energy production, transport, agriculture, forests and other land use, waste and industrial processes.&nbsp; The GLCC also creates a climate change fund, which will channel public, private, national and international funding projects that simultaneously contribute to adaptation and mitigation actions, such as supporting state-level actions, research and innovation projects, technological development and transfer, and the purchase of Certified Emissions Reductions (CERs). The Law establishes a voluntary market for emissions trading to promote GHG reductions in a cost-effective, verifiable, measurable and reportable manner. The National Climate Change Policy, the Special Programme on Climate Change, and the Special Programme on the Use of Renewable Energy lay down details for the implementation of the Law.&nbsp; The law was amended several times (lastly in 2022), important reforms were made in:</div><ul><li>2014 to establish a tax on fossil fuels;</li><li>2016 at article 94 to frame a carbon market. Attached <a href="http://biblioteca.semarnat.gob.mx/janium/Documentos/Ciga/agenda/DOFsr/DO3452.pdf">regulation</a> sets the framework for the accounting of carbon emissions.</li><li>2018 by <a href="http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5531463&amp;fecha=13/07/2018">Decree 13/07/2018</a>, notably to initiate a national market of greenhouse gases emissions and to precise the contribution of Mexico within the scope of the Paris Agreement; and</li><li>2020 to eliminate the Climate Change Fund.</li></ul>

Transition to a rate of 0% carbon loss in original ecosystems

Renewable energy sources should account for 35% of total energy generation by 2024

Reduction of GHG emissions by 30% by 2020, and by 50% by 2050 against a 2000 baseline

By 2030, Mexico will reduce its total GHG emissions by 22% and will reduce its Black Carbon emissions by 51% compared with a 2000 baseline

Reducing  emissions by 30% by the year 2020 and 50% reduction in emissions by 2050, against a 2000 baseline

Minimum 35% of electricity from clean energy sources by 2024

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