General Law on Humanities, Sciences, Technologies and Innovation (LGHCTI) [Ley General en materia de Humanidades, Ciencias, Tecnologías e Innovación (LGHCTI)]

The General Law on Humanities, Sciences, Technologies and Innovation (LGHCTI) is a comprehensive federal statute that governs the production, use, and dissemination of scientific and technological knowledge in Mexico. It affirms the human right to science and mandates that research and innovation serve the public interest, including environmental sustainability, intergenerational justice, and the realisation of other fundamental rights. The law reorients national science and technology policy under state stewardship, setting the framework for federal, state, and municipal authorities to engage in coordinated actions. It introduces National Strategic Programmes (Programas Nacionales Estratégicos) as key instruments to address complex national challenges, ranging from public health to biodiversity, through cross-sectoral, participatory, and territorial approaches.In the climate change and the energy transition realm, the law embeds these issues as priorities in the national science and technology agenda. It requires the state to support research and innovation that contribute to mitigation, adaptation, and the shift towards low-emission energy systems. Article 11 identifies the transition from fossil fuels to sustainable energy as a guiding principle for public policy, while Articles 46–47 mandate strategic programmes focused on energy and climate, including the transition to renewable sources. Additionally, the law calls for close coordination between the National Science Council and the Ministry of Energy to promote clean technologies, energy diversification, and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly through projects financed by the Mexican Petroleum Fund.