This is the 8th plan of its kind setting out Vietnam's future electricity generation plans. It also aligns Vietnam's power generation plans with the commitments made through its Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) agreed in 2022.&nbsp;The plan sets out a widescale modernisation of infrastructure and the prioritisation of renewable electricity generation. The plan aims to more than double Vietnam’s power generation capacity, from 69 GW at the end of 2020 to 150 GW by 2030 – and enable the country to reach carbon neutrality by 2050.&nbsp;The plan also sets out how Vietnam will reduce its long-term reliance on coal, including phasing out coal power generation entirely by 2050.

The Action Plan sets the general objective of making efforts to reduce overall methane emissions from cultivation, animal husbandry, solid waste management, wastewater treatment, oil and gas extraction, coal mining and fossil fuel consumption, by at least 30% below 2020 level by 2030. This is specified as follows: By 2030, overall methane emissions are expected to not exceed 77.9 million metric tons of CO2e, or to reduce by at least 30% below 2020 level. In which, methane emissions, measured in CO2e, are expected to not exceed 30.7 metric tons from cultivation, 15.2 metric tons from animal husbandry, 17.5 metric tons from solid waste management and wastewater treatment, 8.1 metric tons from oil and gas extraction, 2.0 metric tons from coal mining, and 0.8 metric tons from fossil fuel consumption. The Plan also sets specific objectives for 2025: By 2025, overall methane emissions are expected to not exceed 96.4 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent (CO2e), or to reduce by 13.34% below 2020 level. It specifies further for the different sectors: In which, methane emissions, measured in CO2e, are expected to not exceed 42.2 metric tons from cultivation, 16.8 metric tons from animal husbandry, 21.9 metric tons from solid waste management and wastewater treatment, 10.6 metric tons from oil and gas extraction, 3.5 metric tons from coal mining, and 1.3 metric tons from fossil fuel consumption. The Methane emissions reduction as set out in this Action Plan aims at implementing the Global Methane Pledge.&nbsp; Tasks and solutions for implementation of the Plan include formulating and revising mechanisms and policies; and implementing measures for reducing methane emission from the various sectors. Furthermore, the Plan suggests to do scientific research and technological development; promote information dissemination, education and increase of capacity and awareness; intensify bilateral and multilateral cooperation and mobilisation of resources, perform supervision and assessment tasks.&nbsp;

The overall objective of this Action Program is to develop a green transportation system towards the goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The roadmap for transition to green energy contains specific targets and concerns roadways; railways; inland waterways; shipping; aviation; and urban traffic. In order to fulfil these tasks, the Action Program sets out solutions:</div><ul><li>Formulate and complete mechanisms, policies and planning;</li><li>Develop programs and policies for the transition to vehicles running on electricity and green energy;</li><li>Develop green transport infrastructures;</li><li>Improve the energy efficiency and GHG emissions reduction;</li><li>Strengthen international cooperation, science and technology, develop human resources and communication.</li></ul><div> The Action Program also establishes institutional mandates.

The Strategy reiterates the temperature of approximately 1,5 degrees by the end of this century. It also highlights the importance of achieving net zero emissions by 2050 as an essential goal of the world. &nbsp; The objectives of the Strategy are&nbsp;</div><ul><li>Effective adaptation to climate change;</li><li>Reduction of vulnerability losses, and damage caused by climate change;</li><li>Reduction of GHG emission following net zero emission target by 2050;</li><li>Positive contribution and responsibility to international community in protection the global climate;</li><li>Harnessing of opportunity brought by climate change adaptation to shift growth model, increase of resistance and competitiveness of the economy.</li></ul><div> The Strategy sets adaptation and mitigation goal. Net zero shall be reached by 2050. It requires a nationwide greenhouse gas emission reduction by 43,5% compared to the BAU scenario by 2030. By 2030, the energy sector reduces 32,6%, emission does not exceed 457 million tonne of CO2 equivalent (CO2td); the agriculture sector reduces 43,0%, emission does not exceed 64 million tonne of CO2td; LULUCF sector reduces 70% and increases 20% of carbon absorption, total emission and absorption reach at least -95 million tonne of CO2td; waste sector reduces 60,7%, emission does not exceed 18 million tonne of CO2td; industrial processes sector reduces 38,3%, emission does not exceed 86 million tonne of CO2td.&nbsp; By 2050, total GHG emissions nationwide achieve net zero; emissions peak in 2035 and are reduced rapidly afterwards. The energy sector reduces 91,6%, emission does not exceed 101 million tonne CO2td; the agriculture sector reduces 63,1%, emission does not exceed 56 million tonne of CO2td; the LULUCF sector reduces 90% and increases 30% of carbon absorption, total emission and absorption reach at least -185 million tonne of CO2td; the waste sector reduces 90,7%, emission does not exceed 8 million tonne of CO2td; the industrial processes sector reduces 84,8%, emission does not exceed 20 million tonne of CO2td.&nbsp; The strategy then sets out tasks and solutions to reach adaptation and mitigation goals, means of implementation, and the funding sources for implementation. &nbsp;

The Scheme's general objective is to set out the strategy for achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 and contribute to global efforts in response to climate change.&nbsp; Its specific objectives are: </div><ul><li>Setting up a comprehensive legal framework;</li><li>Reforming strategies in order to be conform with net-zero commitments by 2050;</li><li>Promoting the reduction of GHG emissions in the sectors of energy, transport, production of building materials, agriculture and waste treatment;<ul><li>By 2030, encourage the use of green energy and electricity in transport, and use of 100% of E5 petrol; decrease greenhouse gas emissions by 32,6% in energy, 43% in agriculture, 70% in forestry and land use sector in which the carbon sequestration capacity is expected to increase by 20%, 60,7% in waste treatment, and 38,3% in industrial processes (compared to the emission reduction stated in the BAU scenario).&nbsp;</li></ul></li><li>Identify potential of renewable energy sources;<ul><li>By 2030, increase the ratio of sources of renewable energy, including hydroelectricity, wind power, solar power and biomass to at least 33% of total production of electricity.</li></ul></li><li>Develop new zero-emission energy projects and energy storage technologies;</li><li>Establish carbon credit exchange and offsetting mechanisms, and domestic carbon credit market;<ul><li>By 2030, the domestic carbon market shall be operated and connected with regional and global carbon markets.</li></ul></li><li>Undertake climate change adaptation and natural resource and ecosystem restoration consistently and efficiently;<ul><li>Implement UN initiatives accordingly.</li></ul></li><li>Establish and participate in partnerships, alliances, and other international initiatives on emissions reduction and energy transition;</li><li>Promote climate diplomacy; do scientific research; improve capacity and communication activities.</li></ul><div>

This law provides natural disaster prevention and control activities; specifies the rights and obligations of agencies, organisations, households and individuals engaged in natural disaster prevention and control activities; and details the state management of, and assurance of resources for, natural disaster prevention and control. &nbsp; &nbsp;It specifies that natural disaster prevention and control activities must be based on scientific grounds, protect the environment, and recognise the importance of adapting to climate change. It requires the creation, every 10 years, of a National Strategy on Natural Disaster Prevention and Control which must include results of any climate change-related risks. District level and provincial natural disaster prevention and control plans must identify potential climate change-related impacts on socio-economic activities.

Pursuant to article 1, this Law provides for crop production activities; rights and obligations of crop farming entities and persons; and state management of plant production activities.&nbsp; Notably, the Law makes several references to climate change adaptation. As one of the principles of crop production activities, the Law mentions proactively forecasting, preventing and controlling natural disasters and harmful organisms; and making adaptations to climate change.&nbsp; Furthermore, pursuant to article 6(2)(a),(c) scientific and technological activities in the crop production industry shall receive the State's investment or investment incentives. This includes selecting and creating high-quality plant varieties which can resist harmful organisms and adapt to climate change; and researching, developing and applying organic farming and crop production practices adaptable to climate change. Section 6 of the Law is dedicated to cultivation adapted to climate change and environmental protection in crop cultivation activities.&nbsp;

Pursuant to article 1, this Law provides for raising livestock, rights and obligations of organisations and individuals involved in animal husbandry and state management in animal husbandry. The Law incorporates several climate change adaptation considerations. For instance, article 3(2) mentions climate change adaptation as one of the principles for livestock breeding. Furthermore, priority shall be given to basic research on climate change adaptation according to article 6(1)(b). Lastly, international cooperation in animal husbandry shall be strived for also with respect to climate change adaptation (article 10(3).

According to article 1, the Law deals with fishery activities, rights and responsibilities of organisations and individuals involved in fisheries, and state administration of fisheries. The Law also includes climate change adaptation considerations: Pursuant to article 5(3), fisheries activities shall adapt to climate change.&nbsp;

This Law provides for the management, protection, development and use of forests; processing and trading of forest products. It comprises of 12 chapters:</div><ul><li>General provisions;</li><li>Forestry planning;</li><li>Forest management;</li><li>Forest protection;</li><li>Forest development;</li><li>Forest use;</li><li>Forest processing and trade;</li><li>Rights and obligations of forest owners;</li><li>Forest valuation, investment, finance in forestry;</li><li>Science and technology, international cooperation on forestry;</li><li>State management of forestry and forestry forest;</li><li>Terms enforcement.</li></ul><div> </div><div>Notably, it makes several references to climate change.&nbsp; Pursuant to article 3, which states the principles of forestry activities, forests are managed sustainably in terms of the response to climate change. Article 5 classifies forests into three types: Special-use forests; protection forests; production forests. Protection forests are used, inter alia, to regulate the climate. Forestry planning must also ensure sustainable forest management which includes responding to climate change, as stated in article 10 para. 1(b). Furthermore, article 11 para. 2(c) states that forestry planning contents must include impacts of climate change. Article 44 which deals with the development of forestry plant variety, demands in para 3(4) that varieties must adapt to climate change. Furthermore, article 96 para. 3 suggests researching solutions to conserve forest biodiversity and respond to climate change. Lastly, article 99 encourages international cooperation in forestry also with regard to climate change in paras. 1 and 3. &nbsp;Article 63 para. 2(dd) enshrines a "polluter pays" principle and requires larger GHG emitters to pay for services of carbon sequestration and storage in forests. Forest carbon sequestration and storage are explicitly named as forest environmental servies in article 61(3).

Viet Nam NDC 2022 Update, Nationally Determined Contribution from Vietnam in 2022

Viet Nam. Biennial update report (BUR). BUR 3., Biennial Update Report from Vietnam in 2021

Viet Nam. Biennial update report (BUR). BUR 3. National inventory report., National Inventory Report from Vietnam in 2021

Viet Nam Updated First NDC (Updated submission), Nationally Determined Contribution from Vietnam in 2020

Viet Nam. National Communication (NC). NC 3., National Communication from Vietnam in 2019

Law No. 18/2017/QH14 on Fisheries

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