National Strategy for Biological Diversity to 2050 (Estrategia Nacional de Diversidad Biológica al 2050)

Peru’s National Strategy for Biological Diversity to 2050 establishes a long-term framework to address biodiversity loss through integrated, participatory governance aligned with climate resilience and sustainable development. Central to the strategy are five strategic objectives targeting land-use change, climate impacts, pollution, invasive species, and institutional weaknesses. These objectives operationalise principles such as the precautionary principle (Rio Declaration, Principle 15), intercultural equity, and human rights-based approaches, ensuring alignment with international obligations under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Paris Agreement. The strategy mandates ecosystem-based adaptation, including restoring 10% of degraded ecosystems and species affected by climate change, while integrating traditional ecological knowledge to strengthen adaptive capacity. The strategy’s implementation relies on institutional reforms, such as strengthening multi-level governance and integrating biodiversity metrics (e.g., the Lista Roja de Ecosistemas) into national reporting frameworks, including the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. It addresses climate-biodiversity linkages by prioritising mitigation of climate-driven threats (e.g., deforestation, water pollution) and promoting nature-based solutions, such as community-led water harvesting projects. The "Enfoque Territorial" (territorial approach) ensures localised, context-specific actions, while the Enfoque "Una Salud" (One Health) links ecosystem health to human and animal well-being.