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Peru
Political Groups
G77
Global Climate Risk Index
56.33
Targets
World Bank Income Group
Upper middle income
Share of Global Emissions
0.38%
Documents
Supreme Decree 003-2022-MINAM declaring the climate emergency of national interest
2022Policy
This document declares in art 1 the climate emergency of national interest. The country should urgently implement climate action measures in line with the NDC, contributing to global mitigation efforts and enabling sustainable development while reducing risk and vulnerability. Art 2 identifies the following priorities: climate governance, education, monitoring and reportin...
Targets (6)
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- 30% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared with a business as usual scenarioEconomy-wide: Economy Wide · Target year: 2030Source: 2017-2021 Multi-year Sectoral Strategic Plan of the Environment Sector (Ministerial Resolution No. 174-2016-MINAM)
- 67% of the 30% total GHG reduction in Peru will come from LULUCF sector by 2030LULUCF: Preservation · Target year: 2030Source: National Forestry and Climate Change Strategy
- 50% reduction in the loss and damage index from disasters by 2021 against a 2014 baselineDisaster Risk Management (Drm): Disaster Relief And Recovery · Target year: 2021Source: 2017-2021 Multi-year Sectoral Strategic Plan of the Environment Sector (Ministerial Resolution No. 174-2016-MINAM)
- Preserve 54 million hectares by 2020LULUCF: Preservation · Target year: 2020Source: National Programme for the Conservation of Forests to Mitigate Climate Change, Executive Decree No. 008-2010-MINAN
- Zero deforestation in 54 million hectares of primary forest by 2021LULUCF: Preservation · Target year: 2021Source: 2017-2021 Multi-year Sectoral Strategic Plan of the Environment Sector (Ministerial Resolution No. 174-2016-MINAM)
Legislative Process
Peru is a presidential republic made up of 25 administrative regions. The federal legislature is a unicameral congress, composed of 130 representatives who are elected by popular vote for five-year terms. The last election was held in April 2016, the next one is expected for 2021. National legislation can be proposed by the following: the executive branch (the President, elected by popular vote for a five-year term, the Prime Minister, appointed by the President, and the Council of ministers, also appointed by the President), members of Congress, the Judiciary, autonomous public bodies, municipalities or professional associations. Citizen groups and individuals are also constitutionally guaranteed the right to submit legislation to Congress for consideration.
When Congress passes a bill, the President may sign it into law within 15 days, or send it back to Congress for further review. Once promulgated by the President, the legislation is enacted and in force on the date of publication in the official congressional gazette, El Peruano.
Laws passed by Congress and signed by the President represent the strongest form of legislation. Supplemental legislation exists by the way of legislative resolutions, which are employed to ratify international treaties or specify and modify rules and regulations of existing legislation. Likewise the executive branch may issue a “supreme decree” (executive decree), which does not need congressional approval but does require the signature of at least one sitting cabinet minister. Much of the current legislation specific to climate change is in the form of executive decrees.
In 2002, the Congress passed the Decentralisation Framework Law, which decentralises fiscal planning from the central government to the 25 regional administrative governments, composed of a Regional President and a Council (both President and Council Members are elected for four-year terms), advised by specialised Co-ordinating Councils. Regional administrations are also responsible for implementation of federal laws.