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CCLW national policies

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Launched in 1962, the EU’s common agricultural policy (CAP) aims to:
Support farmers and improve agricultural productivity, ensuring a stable supply of affordable food;
Safeguard European Union farmers to make a reasonable living;
Help tackle climate change and the sustainable management of natural resources;
Maintain rural areas and landscapes across the EU;
Promote jobs in farming, agri-food industries and associated sectors.

The first reforms to introduce climate considerations into the CAP took place in 2013. The CAP is a common policy for all EU countries. It is managed and funded at European level from the resources of the EU’s budget.

This communication discusses options for reform to the Common Agricultural Policy in order to respond to the challenges of food security, climate change and territorial balance.

The CAP towards 2020: Meeting the food, natural resources and territorial challenges of the future

This regulation amends previous EU regulations relating to agricultural product market organisation, quality schemes for agricultural products and foodstuffs, geographical indications of aromatised wine products and agriculture in the outermost regions of the Union.

Regulation 2021/2117

This regulation was approved in December 2020 to lay down transitional provisions for the Common Agricultural Policy that will apply until the end of 2022.

Regulation (EU) 2020/2220 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 December 2020 laying down certain transitional provisions for support from the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and from the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF) in the years 2021 and 2022 and amending Regulations (EU) No 1305/2013, (EU) No 1306/2013 and (EU) No 1307/2013 as regards resources and application in the years 2021 and 2022 and Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013 as regards resources and the distribution of such support in respect of the years 2021 and 2022

This regulation relates to the financing, management and monitoring of the CAP and repeals EU Regulation 1306/2013

Regulation 2021/2116

The CAP 2014-2020 has been reformed by strengthening its greening aspects. Climate mitigation and adaptation are explicitly among the key objectives of the CAP, which accounts for about 30% of the overall EU budget/ MFF 2014-2020. The greening measures in the CAP 2014-2020 particularly increase the carbon sink by encouraging more grassland, the protection of forest cover and address the challenges of soil quality. It makes direct payments to farmers conditional upon compliance with greening measures, which account for 30% of the overall direct payments (pillar I). These measures include crop diversification, conserving 5% (and later 7%) of areas of ecological interest and maintaining permanent grassland. 30% of the budget within the rural development programmes (pillar II) is to be dedicated to agri-environmental measures, projects related to environmentally friendly investment or innovation measures as well as to support for organic farming. It further improves agri-environmental measures via higher environmental protection targets.On November 23, 2021, the EU Parliament agreed on a broad reform of the PAC, that needs to be approved by the Council. The new framework will enter into force on January 1, 2023.

Main document

Timeline

Note

About the Common Agricultural Policy