The Act introduces mandatory use of biofuels in the fuel mix, as follows: a minimum 5% of bioethanol in the gasoline mix sold and distributed within 2 years; a minimum of 10% within 4 years is required. There is priority for locally produced bioethanol, and only in the case of shortage may it be imported. The Act also requires a minimum of 1% of biodiesel in the diesel mix within 1 year, and a minimum of 2% within 2 years. &nbsp; &nbsp;Incentives are introduced to encourage biofuel projects - no specific tax on local or imported biofuels; exemption of raw materials (such as coconut, jatropha, cassava, corn, sugarcane etc.) from VAT; exemption from wastewater charges on water effluents; financial assistance to biofuel activities which are certified by the DOE and at least 60% of which are held by Filipino citizens or entities. &nbsp; &nbsp;The DOE is required to prepare a National Biofuel Programme; a national biofuel board is created under the Act, to monitor and evaluate the Act and the National Programme's implementation. The supply and price stability of sugar are guaranteed under the Act. &nbsp; &nbsp;A Joint Administrative order, which was published in 2008, outlines Guidelines Governing the Biofuel Feedstocks Production, and Biofuels and Biofuel Blends Production, Distribution and Sale under the Biofuels Act. The Departement Circular No.2007-05-0006 known as the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) for Republic Act No.9367 covers the production, blending, storage, handling, transport, distribution, use and sale of biofuels, biofuels-blends and biofuel feedstock in the Philippines.&nbsp; The Department Circular No.2011-02-0001 on the Mandatory use of biofuel blend mandates the use of biofuels as a measure to develop and use indigenous renewable and sustainably-sourced clean energy sources to reduce dependence on imported oil, mitigate toxic and greenhouse gas emissions, increase rural employment and ensure availability of renewable clean energy without any detriment to the natural ecosystem, biodiversity and food reserves of the country. &nbsp; The Republic Act No.10745 amends the Biofuels Act of 2006 by allowing natural gas power generating plants in the country to use neat diesel as an alternative fuel exempting them from the requirements of paragraph 5.3, section 5 of the Biofuels Act of 2006.&nbsp; The Department Cicular No. 2016-07-0013 known as the Implementing Rules and Regulations for Republic Act No.10745 covers the power generating plants in the country using natural gas as its fuel. The DC provides for the exemption of natural gas power plans in using the mandated biodiesel blend as provided under the RA 9367.&nbsp;

Biofuels Act 2006

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An aim to achieve a quantifiable outcome within a given time-frame, set by an institution such as a national government.

Policy instruments are techniques or tools used by governing authorities to promote certain policies in order to achieve predetermined goals. Put simply, instruments are how a government tries to achieve its goals, with this taxonomy being focused on national policy instruments.

Risk is the potential for adverse consequences resulting from the dynamic interplay between (climate-related) hazards, exposure, and vulnerability of affected human or ecological systems.

Groups  of people who are adversely affected by climate change or the response to it

A set of principles, processes, and practices that build economic and political power to shift from an extractive economy to a regenerative economy.

Justice is the ethical and political framework that addresses fairness, including issues of responsibility, rights, and structural inequity.

Renewable energy means all forms of energy produced from renewable sources in a sustainable manner.

Fossil fuel is a generic term for non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fossil gas, and oil (including crude oil, and petroleum products), that can be used for electricity and heat generation. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons formed from pressurised and heated organic material buried over millions of years.

Molecules in the atmosphere that play a key role in the greenhouse effect by trapping heat radiating from Earth’s surface.

Area of the economy in which actors engage in identical or related activities.

In human systems, the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate change and its effects, in order to moderate harm, increase resilience or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, the process of adjustment to actual climate change and its effects; human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate change and its effects.

The management and allocation of funds, assets and investments to meet various objectives

Compulsory, required payments to the government that are levied more-or-less in proportion to the services provided. Fees and charges range from entrance fees to national parks, charges on land-based sewage discharge.

Codes and standards are regulatory instruments that specify minimum standards to protect health and safety. This ranges from performance standards, which prescribe outcomes while allowing flexibility to achieve compliance, to the more prescriptive approach of technology-specific standards.

A ban is a legal action that prevents the sale or supply of a product or service, or that recalls a product from the market. Examples are bans on SF6, greenwashing, fossil fuel advertisement or single-use plastics.

Either money or something of monetary value is transferred between two or more organisations, people or countries.

A long-lived, colourless gas, chiefly emitted from fossil fuel combustion, deforestation and cement production.

Actions to reduce emissions in energy generation and supply.

Social protection systems consist of policies that help people manage social risks in order to prevent poverty and maintain decent incomes and living standards

Energy derived from biological compounds that are renewable due to their short life cycle within the carbon dioxide cycle.

Oil is a combustible liquid fossil fuel composed mainly of hydrocarbons, occurring as crude oil and refined into petroleum products such as petrol, diesel and kerosene.

Fossil gas, commonly known as natural gas, is a fossil fuel consisting chiefly of methane with smaller amounts of other hydrocarbons and trace gases, found in underground deposits.

Any compulsory, unrequited payment to the government levied on corporations or individuals. This can be for environmental reasons, such as introducing a Carbon tax to set a price that emitters must pay for the greenhouse gases they emit.

The activities of industries involved in the production, distribution, and sale of energy, including electricity, gas, and renewables.

This sector involves the wholesale and retail selling of goods.

This sector involves activities to move goods and people, alongside the storage of products.

Activities of government agencies and institutions that provide public services, enforce laws and manage public resources.

Activities of businesses and institutions that provide financial services and products to individuals and organisations.

Activities that involve the cultivation of crops and raising of livestock for food, fibre, and other products essential for human life and industry.

the fair distribution of risks and opportunities of climate change and the transition to a regenerative economy, cognisant in particular of disproportionate impacts on vulnerable communities and the working class

Procedural justice means ensuring that decision making is safe, transparent and inclusive, emphasizing the agency and influence of vulnerable groups and those most impacted.

Any substance with chemical properties that can cause physical harm to people or damage the environment, including ammonia, carbon monoxide, phosphine, chlorine, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, pesticides, dioxins, microplastics, benzene, asbestos, aflatoxins, fluoride, methanol, and toxins from marine sources.

Climate change impacts our society by disrupting the natural, economic and social systems we depend on. Physical hazards and underlying vulnerabilities can lead to increased resource competition for food and water, which can heighten the risk of conflict.

Biofuels Act 2006

Target

Policy instrument

Risk

Just transition

Climate justice

Renewable energy

Fossil fuel

Greenhouse gas

Economic sector

Finance