The Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), established by Regulation (EU) 2021/241, is the EU’s main instrument under NextGenerationEU to support Member States’ recovery from the COVID-19 crisis. It provides financing for reforms and investments that foster the green transition, digital transformation, sustainable growth, social and territorial cohesion, and resilience to future crises. Member States must submit national Recovery and Resilience Plans (RRPs) aligned with six policy pillars and meeting minimum climate (37 %) and digital (20 %) spending targets. The RRF is financed through grants and loans raised by the EU under NextGenerationEU, with strict monitoring, reporting, and assessment requirements to ensure accountability and alignment with EU strategic objectives.
The RRF Regulation has been amended to address evolving EU priorities. Regulation (EU) 2023/435 introduces dedicated REPowerEU chapters in RRPs, allowing Member States to finance investments and reforms aimed at accelerating the clean-energy transition, reducing fossil-fuel dependency, and enhancing energy resilience. Regulation (EU) 2024/795 further amends the RRF to permit allocation of up to 6 % of a Member State’s RRP to measures supporting strategic technology investments under the Strategic Technologies for Europe Platform (STEP).
